All articles starting with P

Perkin Medal

The Perkin Medal is an annual award of SCI America for a US-resident scientist's innovation in applied chemistry, widely acknowledged as the highest honor in American industrial chemistry.

Perkin Warbeck

Perkin Warbeck (c. 1474–1499), pretender claiming to be Richard, Duke of York, against Henry VII; recognized by Maximilian and James IV, invaded via Cornwall 1497, executed 1499.

Perkins Engines

Perkins Engines, formally Perkins Engines Company Limited, is a British diesel and gas engine manufacturer founded in Peterborough in 1932, owned by Caterpillar since 1998.

Perkinsus marinus, or Dermo, is a WOAH-notifiable protozoan parasite causing dermo disease in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). First documented in the 1940s Gulf of Mexico, it spreads above 20°C and salinities over 12-15 ppt, diagnosed by the RFTM assay.

Pērkonkrusts

Pērkonkrusts (Thunder Cross), full name Latviešu Tautas Apvienība Pērkonkrusts, was Latvia's largest interwar fascist and antisemitic movement, founded 1932 as Ugunskrusts, led by Gustavs Celmiņš, outlawed 1934, later both Holocaust collaborator and anti-German resistance participant.

Perkow reaction

The Perkow reaction is an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite reacts with an α-halo carbonyl compound to give an enol phosphate, reported in 1952.

Perkunas Virgae

Perkunas Virgae is a 980 km virga (streak of color) on Titan at 27S 162W, IAU-approved 2006, named for the Lithuanian thunder god Perkunas; third largest of Titan's eight named virgae, imaged by Cassini RADAR swaths T55-T58 and T120.

Perl

Perl is a general-purpose programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987, best known for powerful text processing and its Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN).

Perla Harb

Perla Harb (بيرلا غازي حرب), born c. 2002/2003, is a Lebanese model and banking professional crowned Miss Lebanon 2025; she reached the Miss World 2026 Top 40 in Vietnam and will compete at Miss Universe 2026 in Puerto Rico.

Perla Oil and Gas Field

Perla is a giant natural gas and condensate field in shallow waters of the Gulf of Venezuela, discovered by Repsol and Eni in 2009 and producing since July 2015.

Perlaggen

Perlaggen (Perlåggen), Tyrolean trick-taking card game with wild cards, ancestor Giltspiel; 33-card German pack, figures Gleich, Hanger, Spiel; UNESCO intangible heritage 2016; styles Innsbruck and Eichelperlaggen.

Perlan Project

The Perlan Project is a US nonprofit that flies engineless gliders into the stratosphere on mountain waves, setting a 76,124-foot glider altitude record in 2018 over Argentina.

Oct 22, 2026

Perlesvaus

Perlesvaus, also known as Le Haut Livre du Graal (The High Book of the Grail), is an anonymous early 13th-century Old French prose romance reworking Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval into a Christian Grail allegory.

Perlidae

Perlidae, the common or summer stoneflies (Latreille, 1802; type genus Perla), is the most speciose stonefly family, with about 1,397 predatory, stream-dwelling species worldwide except Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.

Perlin noise

Perlin noise: gradient noise function invented by Ken Perlin (1983/1985) for procedural textures and terrain; improved in 2002; succeeded by his 2001 simplex noise.

Perlis

Perlis (Perlis Indera Kayangan), Malaysia's smallest state at the Thai border, capital Kangar; former Siamese vassal transferred to Britain by the 1909 Bangkok Treaty; known for Gua Kelam, Harumanis mango, Padang Besar duty-free zone.

Perlite

Perlite is a hydrated volcanic glass that expands up to 20 times its volume when heated, forming a lightweight material used in construction, horticulture, and filtration.

Perlman syndrome

Perlman syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive congenital overgrowth disorder caused by DIS3L2 gene variants, marked by large body size, kidney abnormalities, and frequent death in the newborn period.

Perlmutter (supercomputer)

Perlmutter, named for Nobel laureate Saul Perlmutter, is an HPE Cray EX supercomputer at NERSC in Berkeley, California, reaching 113 petaflops and serving over 11,000 scientists.

Perloja

Perloja is a village on the Merkys River in Varėna District, Lithuania, first recorded in 1378. Known for the Republic of Perloja, an independent parish self-government of 1918–1919 with its own committee, court, and militia.

Oct 20, 2026

Perm

Perm (Пермь), formerly Molotov until 1957, is a Russian city of about one million on the Kama River near the Urals, administrative center of Perm Krai, founded around the 1723 Yegoshikha copper works and made a city by Catherine II in 1780.

Perm (hairstyle)

Perm (hairstyle), also permanent wave, a chemical treatment restructuring hair into lasting curls or waves via bond breaking and neutralizing. Covers cold, digital/hot, spiral, beach-wave, and root perms, history from Marcel Grateau to Willatt's 1938 cold wave, longevity, and risks.

Perm GRES power station

The Perm GRES power station (Пермская ГРЭС) is a gas-fired thermal power station at Dobryanka in Perm Krai, Russia, and the largest electricity supplier in Perm Territory.

Perm Krai

Perm Krai (Пермский край), Russian federal subject in the Volga Federal District, capital Perm; formed 1 December 2005 from Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, the first post-2000 regional merger; industrial, forested, population 2.5 million.

PERMA model

PERMA model: Martin Seligman's 2011 positive psychology theory of well-being with five pillars, Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment, measured by the PERMA-Profiler and extended to PERMA+4.

Permaculture

Permaculture, coined by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren in 1970s Tasmania (Permaculture One, 1978), is a design system for sustainable agriculture based on three ethics and 12 design principles, now a global movement with growing scientific literature.