All articles starting with P
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Permalloy
Permalloy is a family of soft magnetic nickel–iron alloys, typically about 80% nickel and 20% iron, valued for very high permeability and used in magnetic shielding and sensors.
Permanent (mathematics)
The permanent of a square matrix sums the product of entries over all permutations, like a determinant but with every term positive; computing it is #P-complete.
Permanent account number
The permanent account number (PAN) is a ten-character identifier issued by the Indian Income Tax Department, issued as a laminated PAN card or electronic e-PAN and valid for the holder's lifetime.
Permanent atrial fibrillation
Permanent atrial fibrillation (ICD-11 BC81.32) is AF accepted by patient and physician with no planned sinus-rhythm restoration; a therapeutic decision, not a pathologic type, managed with rate control and anticoagulation.
Permanent Capital Ventures
Permanent Capital Ventures is a Chicago venture capital firm founded in 2023 by Mike Gamson and Jason Duboe, leading Series A investments in applied AI companies.
Permanent colostomy
A permanent colostomy is an operation that brings one end of the colon through the abdominal wall as a lifelong stoma draining into an external pouch.
Permanent Council
The Permanent Council (Polish: Rada Nieustająca) was the first collective executive of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, imposed under Russian pressure in 1775 and abolished in 1789.
Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), Hague-based intergovernmental arbitration body created by the 1899 Hague Convention, operating since 1902; panel-based, consensual institution with 129 contracting parties administering 251 cases in 2025.
Permanent Court of International Justice
Permanent Court of International Justice (Cour permanente de Justice internationale), the League of Nations' World Court at the Peace Palace, The Hague; sat 1922 to 1946, heard 29 contentious cases and 27 advisory opinions, and was succeeded by the ICJ.
Permanent Dental Restoration
A permanent dental restoration is a filling intended to last indefinitely, replacing tooth structure lost to decay, fracture, or wear using amalgam, resin composite, glass ionomer, or resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
Permanent establishment
Permanent establishment (PE): the tax treaty concept in Article 5 of the OECD and UN Model Conventions, a fixed place of business through which an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on; determines when source countries may tax business profits, including remote work rules added in 2025.
Permanent income hypothesis
The permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a consumption theory developed by Milton Friedman in the 1950s, holding that households spend based on expected long-run average income rather than current income.
Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel
The Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) is an intergovernmental organization of Sahelian states, founded at Ouagadougou in 1973 to combat drought.
Permanent jewellery
Permanent jewelry, also called welded or forever jewelry, is claspless chain jewelry custom-fitted to the wearer and welded closed, popularized by brands like Catbird in New York in the 2010s.
Permanent magnet generator
A permanent magnet generator (PMG) is an electrical machine that generates alternating or direct current from permanent magnets in its rotor, needing no external excitation current and no brushes.
Permanent magnet synchronous generator
A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is a synchronous generator whose rotor field comes from permanent magnets instead of a wound field, widely used in wind turbines.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor
A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is an AC motor with permanent-magnet rotors that runs at synchronous speed, up to 10 percentage points more efficient than induction motors and dominant in electric vehicles.
Permanent Mandates Commission
Permanent Mandates Commission (Commission permanente des mandats), League of Nations advisory body under Article 22 of the Covenant, supervised fifteen mandated territories from Geneva, 1921 to 1946, before the UN Trusteeship Council replaced it.
Permanent Mandates Commission (Palestine)
The Permanent Mandates Commission (PMC) was the League of Nations expert body, sitting in Geneva from October 1921 to 1939, that examined mandatory powers' annual reports and petitions and advised the Council, including on the British Mandate for Palestine through the 1929 disturbances, the 1937 partition debate, and the 1939 White Paper.
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
Permanent members of the UN Security Council (P5): China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US. Five states with permanent seats and veto power under Charter Article 27 since 1945, distinct from the ten elected members.
Permanent mold casting
Permanent mold casting is a casting process in which molten metal fills a reusable steel mold by gravity, low pressure, vacuum, or centrifugal pressure, used for nonferrous alloys.
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome (pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis, OMIM 609069) is an autosomal recessive PTF1A-related neonatal diabetes syndrome with cerebellar and pancreatic agenesis, lethal in the neonatal period.
Permanent neutrality of Turkmenistan
The permanent neutrality of Turkmenistan is a UN-recognized legal status under which the Central Asian state renounces military alliances, first recognized by the General Assembly in 1995.
Permanent Peoples' Tribunal
Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (Tribunale permanente dei popoli), an international opinion tribunal founded in Bologna in 1979 by the Lelio Basso Foundation, successor to the Russell Tribunals, judging peoples' rights violations from Rome.
Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations
Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations, India's UN ambassador, heads the Permanent Mission of India in New York. Current holder Harish Parvathaneni since September 2024; office institutionalized by GA Resolution 257 A (III) of 1948; first holder K.P. Padmanabha Pillai, 1947.
Permanent residency
Permanent residency is an indefinite immigration status allowing noncitizens to live and work in a country without citizenship, known as the green card in the US, PR status in Canada, and indefinite leave to remain in the UK.
Permanent revolution
Permanent revolution: Marxist theory associated with Leon Trotsky, first formulated after the 1905 Russian Revolution, holding that democratic revolution grows over into proletarian dictatorship and that socialism cannot be completed in one country, opposed to Stalin's socialism in one country.
Permanent Roommates
Permanent Roommates is TVF's 2014 Hindi romantic-comedy web series, India's first, starring Sumeet Vyas and Nidhi Singh as Mikesh and Tanya, with three seasons (2014, 2016, 2023) ending on Prime Video.
Permanent Settlement (চিরস্থায়ী বন্দোবস্ত)
Permanent Settlement (চিরস্থায়ী বন্দোবস্ত), the 1793 Cornwallis settlement fixing Bengal's land revenue forever with zamindars as proprietors paying ten-elevenths; distinct from Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems.
Permanent time observation in the United States
Permanent time observation in the United States: year-round standard time (Hawaii, most Arizona, territories) versus permanent DST, which requires congressional action; the 1974 year-round DST trial was repealed after one winter.