All articles starting with P
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Peruvian hyperinflation 1988-90
The Peruvian hyperinflation of 1988-90, the worst in Peru's history, peaked at 397 percent monthly inflation in August 1990 and was ended by President Alberto Fujimori's stabilization package.
Peruvian immigration to Argentina
Peruvian immigration to Argentina is the movement of people from Peru to Argentina, a largely urban labor migration concentrated in Buenos Aires since the early 1990s.
Peruvian immigration to Spain
Peruvian immigration to Spain is the migration of people from Peru to Spain, one of Spain's largest Latin American communities, with 111,234 registered residents in 2021.
Peruvian immigration to the United States
Peruvian immigration to the United States is the movement of people from Peru to the United States, a community of roughly 710,000 by 2021 that grew rapidly after Peru's 1980s and 1990s crisis.
Peruvian immigration to Venezuela
Peruvian immigration to Venezuela was the movement of Peruvian workers and professionals there during the oil boom years of the 1950s to early 1980s, ending after the 1983 devaluation.
Peruvian Indigenism
Peruvian Indigenism, or indigenismo peruano, was an intellectual and artistic movement of the early twentieth century, centered in Cuzco, that vindicated Peru's indigenous population and reimagined the nation around Andean heritage.
Peruvian inti
The Peruvian inti was Peru's currency from 1985 to 1991, replacing the sol and falling to one of the world's worst hyperinflations before the nuevo sol replaced it.
Peruvian land reform (Velasco)
The Peruvian land reform carried out by General Juan Velasco Alvarado's military government between 1969 and 1975 expropriated large estates and transferred millions of hectares to peasant cooperatives, ending the latifundio system.
Peruvian migration to Chile
Peruvian migration to Chile is the movement of people from Peru to Chile, historically in the north and since the 1990s centered on Santiago, reaching about 260,785 residents by 2023.
Peruvian migration to Japan
Peruvian migration to Japan is the movement of mostly Japanese-descended Peruvians, called dekasegi, who came to work in manufacturing after Japan's 1990 immigration reform created a residence status for people of Japanese ancestry.
Peruvian migration to the Amazon
Peruvian migration to the Amazon is the settlement of Peru's Amazonian lowlands by Andean highland, coastal, and European migrants, encouraged by state colonization policy since the mid-19th century.
Peruvian oil nationalization
Peruvian oil nationalization is the October 1968 expropriation of the International Petroleum Company at Talara by General Juan Velasco Alvarado's government, leading to the creation of Petroperú in 1969.
Peruvian peasant movement
The Peruvian peasant movement (movimiento campesino peruano) is the organized action of Peru's campesinos for land, labor conditions, and union rights, organized through unions and the 1947 Confederación Campesina del Perú.
Peruvian political crisis (2016–present)
Peruvian political crisis (2016–present): sustained instability since the Kuczynski–Fujimori split, marked by moral-incapacity impeachments, the 2019 Congress dissolution, the 2022–2023 protest deaths, and eight presidents in a decade.
Peruvian Restoration government
The Peruvian Restoration government, called Restauración or the Second Provisional Government, reestablished a united Peruvian state under Agustín Gamarra from 1838, organized around the Constitution of 1839.
Peruvian slave raids in Polynesia
The Peruvian slave raids in Polynesia were kidnappings by ships from Callao, Peru, in 1862 and 1863 that seized several thousand Pacific Islanders for plantation and guano labor.
Peruvian sol
The Peruvian sol (PEN) is the currency of Peru, issued by the Central Reserve Bank of Peru and introduced in its current form in 1991.
Peruvian War of Independence
Peruvian War of Independence (1811–1825): royalist stronghold of Spanish South America; San Martín's 1820 expedition, Lima's 1821 declaration, Bolívar, Junín, and Ayacucho under Sucre ended Spanish rule.
Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1828
The Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1828, or first Peruvian invasion, was a military intervention in which General Agustín Gamarra's Peruvian army entered Bolivia, forcing President Sucre's resignation.
Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–1842
The Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–1842 was an armed conflict in which Peruvian president Agustín Gamarra invaded Bolivia to annex it and was defeated at Ingavi in 1841.
Peruvians
Peruvians are the people of Peru, population 34,157,732 at the 2025 census, fourth most populous in South America. Mostly mestizo with large indigenous, Afro-Peruvian, and white minorities; 83% Spanish-speaking, concentrated on the coast and in Lima.
Peruwa
Peruwa was a wealthy native Anatolian dignitary of Kanesh during the Old Assyrian colony period, known from his household archive and fourteen-roomed residence with iron ingots.
Pervaporation
Pervaporation is a membrane separation method in which a liquid mixture partially vaporizes through a selective membrane, used industrially to dehydrate solvents and break azeotropes.
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
PDD-NOS (pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, atypical autism) was a DSM-IV residual autism-spectrum diagnosis for autistic-like social-communication impairment not meeting full autism criteria; DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 merged it into autism spectrum disorder.
Pervasive developmental disorders
Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), also called autism spectrum disorders, were the ICD-10/DSM-IV category of five childhood-onset conditions (autistic disorder, Asperger's, PDD-NOS, Rett's, CDD) merged into autism spectrum disorder by DSM-5 in 2013.
Perverse incentive
A perverse incentive, also known as the cobra effect, is an incentive that produces behavior working against its intended goal, as when Hanoi's 1902 rat bounty led to rat farming.
Perversion
Perversion: former psychiatric and sexological term for pathological, non-procreative sexuality, rooted in medieval perversity, systematized by Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), replaced by paraphilia in DSM-III (1980).
Perverted nystagmus
Perverted nystagmus, now termed cross-coupled nystagmus by the Barany Society, is nystagmus arising in a plane different from the stimulus, classically vertical or rotatory caloric nystagmus, usually indicating central vestibular or cerebellar pathology though it can be a normal variant.
Perverted-Justice
Perverted-Justice (Perverted-Justice.com), US volunteer watchdog group founded 2002 by Xavier Von Erck in Portland, Oregon; members posed as minors online, worked on Dateline's To Catch a Predator, and closed operations in 2019.
Perverts (album)
Perverts is a 2025 release by Ethel Cain (Hayden Anhedönia), a nine-track, 89-minute dark ambient and slowcore follow-up to Preacher's Daughter, released January 8, 2025 on Daughters of Cain and described by the artist as an EP.