All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis: receptor-mediated, actin-driven ingestion of particles larger than 0.5 μm by professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils, forming phagosomes that mature into phagolysosomes; discovered by Metchnikoff, 1908 Nobel Prize.
Phagraphene
Phagraphene is a theoretically predicted two-dimensional carbon allotrope proposed in 2015, built from fused pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal rings with distorted Dirac cones like graphene.
Phagu
Phagu (ફાગુ) is a medieval Gujarati poetic genre of spring poems in Old Gujarati, growing from Rajasthani folk song; the Vasantvilas phagu is its best-known example.
Phainon (Honkai: Star Rail)
Phainon (real name Khaslana) is a playable 5-star Physical Destruction character in Honkai: Star Rail, released July 2, 2025 in Version 3.4. From Aedes Elysiae, a Chrysos Heir of Worldbearing, he transforms into Khaslana via a 12-Coreflame Ultimate and is a Kevin Kaslana expy from Honkai Impact 3rd.
Phaistos
Phaistos (Festòs, Φαιστός), Bronze Age Minoan palatial centre in the Mesara plain, southern Crete; settled from the Neolithic, palace built ca. 1900 BC, excavated by Italians since 1900, UNESCO-listed 2025.
Phaistos Disc
Phaistos Disc (Δίσκος της Φαιστού): fired clay disc from Phaistos, Crete, found 3 July 1908 by Luigi Pernier, bearing 241–242 stamped signs in 45 distinct glyphs, undeciphered; held in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum (ΑΕ 1358).
Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs, ICL) are permanent plastic or silicone lenses implanted with the natural lens in place to correct myopia; FDA-approved designs include the EVO/EVO+ Visian ICL.
Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica
Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK), a rare epidermal nevus syndrome combining nevus sebaceus and speckled lentiginous nevus with extracutaneous anomalies, caused by a postzygotic HRAS mutation, prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV), also phacomatosis pigmentovascularis, is a rare congenital disorder combining a vascular nevus (port-wine stain) with a pigmentary nevus, caused by mosaic GNAQ/GNA11 mutations, with types cesioflammea, spilorosea, and cesiomarmorata.
Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Phakopsora pachyrhizi, first recorded as Uredo sojae in Japan in 1902, is the fungus that causes Asian soybean rust, with yield losses of 10 to 100 percent.
Phala ghrta (phala ghrita)
Phala ghṛta (Phala Ghrita, Phalasarpi) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated cow ghee formulation, AFI Part I entry 6:30 from Astangahrdaya Uttarasthana 34, combining about nineteen herbs, sugar, milk, and ghee; indicated for infertility, gynecological, semen, pregnancy, and pediatric disorders at 12 g daily.
Phalacrocorax
Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 is the cormorant genus of Phalacrocoracidae, type species the Great Cormorant P. carbo; once used for all cormorants and shags, now one of seven genera after Kennedy and Spencer's 2014 DNA phylogeny.
Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis, moth orchids, is an orchid genus established by Blume in 1825, native from tropical Asia to NE Australia, mainly epiphytic, and the most important orchid genus in cultivation.
Phalaenopsis (ファレノプシス) (horse)
Phalaenopsis (ファレノプシス), 1995 Japanese mare by Brian's Time out of Catequil; won 1998 Oka Sho, Shuka Sho and 2000 Queen Elizabeth II Cup; not the 2020s namesake.
Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome
Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome (phalangeal osteolysis) is a rare, self-limited cold-associated bone disorder of children's fingers, with small sclerotic-lined osteolytic phalangeal lesions, winter onset, and spontaneous resolution within months.
Phalanger
Phalanger (cuscuses) is a genus of 13 arboreal marsupial species in Phalangeridae, ranging from the Solomon Islands through New Guinea and the Moluccas to Sulawesi, marked by prehensile tails and taxonomic instability.
Phalangeridae
Phalangeridae, the brushtail possum and cuscus family of Australasian marsupials (Diprotodontia, Phalangeroidea), with about 18 living species in 6 genera including Trichosurus, Wyulda, Phalanger, Spilocuscus, and Ailurops, found in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands.
Phalangeriformes
Phalangeriformes is a suborder of Australasian diprotodont marsupials, the possums, cuscuses, and gliders, split into the superfamilies Phalangeroidea and Petauroidea, with 63 species whose monophyly is supported by SINE markers but debated by molecular studies.
Phalangopsidae
Phalangopsidae (spider crickets, long-legged crickets), family Blanchard 1845 of true crickets (Grylloidea); about 1,000 species in six subfamilies, largest lineage Luzarinae (290+ species), centered in the Neotropics, many cave- and litter-dwelling.
Phalanx (φάλαγξ)
Phalanx (φάλαγξ): dense linear formation of heavily armed Greek infantry, from the hoplite phalanx of the city-states to Philip II's six-meter sarissa phalanx, defeated by the Roman legion at Cynoscephalae in 197 BCE.
Phalanx bone
Phalanx bone (plural phalanges): the 14 long bones of each hand and foot beyond the metacarpals and metatarsals; three per finger or toe, two in the thumb or hallux; base, shaft, head; proximal phalanx is the most commonly fractured hand bone.
Phalanx CIWS
The Phalanx CIWS, or Phalanx Close-In Weapon System, is a radar-guided 20 mm Gatling gun giving United States Navy ships inner-layer defense against anti-ship missiles.
Phalaris canariensis
Phalaris canariensis (canary grass, alpiste), annual Poaceae grass native to the Canary Islands and Morocco, grown mainly in Saskatchewan, Canada, for birdseed; glabrous grain approved for human food in 2016, gluten-free, 22% protein.
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass), a tufted annual Poaceae weed native from Macaronesia to the Himalaya, is a major wheat weed whose Indian biotypes evolved isoproturon resistance in 1991 and later resistance to six herbicide mode-of-action groups.
Phalaropus
Phalaropus (phalaropes) is a genus of three Scolopacidae shorebird species, Wilson's, Red, and Red-necked Phalarope, known for sex-role reversal, polyandrous females, male-only incubation, and spinning surface feeding.
Phalasarna
Phalasarna (Falasarna), ancient harbor town on Cape Grambousa, western Crete; its closed kothon-style military harbor, probably a pirate base, was destroyed by Rome in the 1st century BC and uplifted 6–9 m by the 365 AD earthquake.
Phalatrikadi kvatha curna
Phalatrikadi kvatha curna (Phalatrikādi Kvātha Cūrṇa), an official Ayurvedic coarse-powder decoction of Triphala with Guduchi and Vasa, used for fever, vomiting, amlapitta, jaundice, and liver disorders.
Phaleron Limen
Phaleron Limen (Phaleron Harbour), the ancient open beach port of Athens on the Bay of Phaleron, main harbour until Themistocles developed Piraeus; site of Persian fleets in 490 and 480 BC.
Phalibois automata
Phalibois automata are mechanical figures made in Paris by the family firm founded by Jean Marie Phalibois, known for the Whistler automaton and electric shop-window advertising figures.
Phallaceae
Phallaceae, the stinkhorn family (Corda, 1842), are gasteroid Basidiomycota fungi in Phallales whose foul-smelling gleba attracts insects for spore dispersal; fruit bodies emerge from eggs within minutes and include edible Phallus species.