All articles starting with P
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Phishing
Phishing is social engineering in which attackers impersonate trusted parties by email, text, or phone to steal credentials or access. Coined in 1995 via AOL's AOHell tool; now AI-driven, with smishing, vishing, and phishing-as-a-service variants.
PhiSNet
PhiSNet is an SE(3)-equivariant neural network introduced by Unke and colleagues in 2021 that predicts molecular wavefunctions, Hamiltonian matrices, and electronic densities directly from molecular geometry.
Phison Electronics
Phison Electronics (群联电子) is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company, co-founded in 2000 by K.S. Pua, that designs NAND flash controllers for SSDs, memory cards, and USB drives.
Phison Patera
Phison Patera is a 506-km-wide IAU-named patera in northeast Arabia Terra, Mars, centered near 30.27°N, 48.70°E; an eroded impact-crater basin with inverted river channels and evidence for a large ancient paleolake.
Phison Rupes
Phison Rupes is an IAU-approved scarp (rupes) on Mars in the Syrtis Major quadrangle, 203.07 km across, centered near 26.70°N, 50.35°E; named in 1976 from a classical albedo feature, Phison, the Biblical first river of Paradise.
PHITS
PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code developed by JAEA and other Japanese institutes, first released in 2002.
Phl p 4
Phl p 4 (g208), major glycosylated 55 kDa group 4 allergen of timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen; berberine bridge enzyme-like glucose dehydrogenase with bicovalent FAD; CCD-bearing, cross-reactive, early predictor of grass pollen allergy.
PHL-16
The PHL-16, also designated PCL-191, PHL-191, or PCH-191, is a truck-mounted multiple rocket launcher of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, first shown at the 2019 National Day parade.
Phlaeothripidae
Phlaeothripidae, the tube-tailed thrips, is the sole living family of the thrips suborder Tubulifera, with about 3,550 to 3,800 species in 460 genera, tubular tenth abdominal segment, and two subfamilies, spore-feeding Idolothripinae and larger Phlaeothripinae.
Phlebobranchia
Phlebobranchia is an order of sessile marine filter-feeding tunicates (sea squirts) whose branchial sac has distinct longitudinal blood vessels; it was established by Ferdinand Lahille in 1887.
Phlebodium aureum
Phlebodium aureum (golden polypody, blue star fern; syn. Polypodium aureum) is an epiphytic Polypodiaceae fern native from the southeastern USA to South America, with golden-scaled creeping rhizomes, blue-green pinnatifid fronds, allotetraploid hybrid origin, and common houseplant use.
Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy (venipuncture) is puncturing a vein to draw blood for lab testing, donation, or therapy. Once therapeutic bloodletting from ancient Egypt, it peaked in the 19th century; today it is a diagnostic mainstay and treatment for hemochromatosis and polycythemia vera.
Phlebovirus
Phlebovirus, a genus of Phenuiviridae (Bunyaviricetes) with 82 species and 98 viruses, comprises three-segmented RNA viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, sandflies, and ticks; includes Rift Valley fever virus, Toscana virus, and Heartland virus.
Phlegethon Catena
Phlegethon Catena: pit-crater chain along a graben on the eastern flank of Alba Mons, Mars; IAU-named 1979, about 400 km long, formed by collapse into subsurface voids and dike-related faulting.
Phlegm
Phlegm, also called lung butter, is an unusually large amount of thick mucus produced by cells lining the upper airways and lungs, often causing coughing and chest discomfort.
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, painful blue inflammation, is a severe form of lower-limb deep vein thrombosis causing total venous outflow obstruction, cyanosis, gangrene risk, 20-40% mortality, and treatment by anticoagulation plus thrombolysis or thrombectomy.
Phlegmatic Dogs
Phlegmatic Dogs are a Russian bass music duo formed in 2010 near Moscow, best known for bass house blending drum & bass and hip-hop sound design with house.
Phlegraean Fields
The Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei) is a large active volcanic caldera west of Naples, Italy, where about 400,000 people live amid ongoing ground uplift and earthquakes.
Phleng yao
Phleng yao (เพลงยาว, "long song") is a Thai verse form in the klon phleng yao meter, traditionally sung and used for narrative and lyrical poems, flourishing in the late Ayutthaya period.
Phleum
Phleum (timothy or cat's-tail grasses) is a genus of about 14 annual and perennial Poaceae grasses with dense cylindrical spikelike panicles and glume awns; type species Phleum pratense, temperate Northern Hemisphere, important hay forage.
Phleum pratense
Phleum pratense (timothy, timothy grass) is a perennial Eurasian bunchgrass of Poaceae, named for farmer Timothy Hanson, grown worldwide as cool-climate hay and pasture forage, intolerant of drought.
Phloem
Phloem is the plant vascular tissue conducting sugars from source leaves to sinks via sieve elements, companion cells, and sieve plates. Transport follows Münch's osmotically driven pressure flow at about 1 cm per minute.
Phlogiston theory
Phlogiston theory was a superseded chemical theory, dominant in the eighteenth century, which explained combustion, calcination, and respiration as release of a fire-like principle called phlogiston.
Phlogopite
Phlogopite is a magnesium-rich mica mineral, typically brown, that forms the magnesium end-member of the biotite series and, with muscovite, is one of only two commercially used micas.
Phlomis
Phlomis (Jerusalem sage) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 91-100 perennial herbs and shrubs native from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, now separated from Phlomoides, used as herbal tea and in traditional medicine.
Phlorentiana
Phlorentiana, an ancient late-antique fort or tower of Dacia-Moesia at Barrington Atlas 21 E5, identified with Florentin, Bulgaria, known from Procopius, Buildings 4.4.3, and Beševliev 1970; distinct from Florentia (Florence).
Phloretin
Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone, a flavonoid phenolic compound found mainly in apples and pears, best known as the aglycone of phlorizin and an inhibitor of glucose transporters with antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities.
Phlorizin
Phlorizin, also spelled phloridzin, is a glucoside found in apple trees that inhibits the glucose transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2, inducing urinary glucose loss, and served as the lead compound for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes drugs.
Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol (benzene-1,3,5-triol) is an organic compound with three hydroxy groups on alternating carbons of a benzene ring, a parent of many natural products, and a musculotropic antispasmodic sold as Spasfon.
Phlox
Phlox, a genus of about 69 species in Polemoniaceae (Ericales), native from Siberia and Mongolia across North America to northern Mexico; includes garden phlox, moss phlox, and annual phlox.