All articles starting with P

Phrygia Sulcus

Phrygia Sulcus, a 3,700 km grooved bright-terrain sulcus on Jupiter's moon Ganymede at 12°N, 20.6°W, IAU-named in 1979 after the mythical birthplace of Ganymede.

Phrygian alphabet

The Phrygian alphabet is a script used to write the Phrygian language of central Anatolia from the 8th century BC, derived from the Phoenician or an early Greek alphabet.

Phrygian and Mushki migration

The Phrygian and Mushki migration is the conventional name for two movements of peoples, c. 1200–1100 BC: Phrygians from the Balkans into Anatolia, and the Muški into the Upper Euphrates region.

Phrygian cap (bonnet phrygien): soft conical cap with forward-bent tip from ancient Phrygia, Anatolia; worn by freed Roman slaves, became the red bonnet rouge of the French Revolution, Marianne's emblem, and the Paris 2024 Olympic mascot.

Phrygian dominant scale

Phrygian dominant scale, also called Freygish, Ahava Rabbah, or Maqam Hijaz, is the fifth mode of harmonic minor: 1 ♭2 ♮3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 with an augmented second, used in flamenco, klezmer, and Arabic music.

Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia

The Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia was the stepwise absorption of Phrygia by Lydian kings after the Cimmerian sack of Gordium, complete under Croesus and ended by Persia's conquest of 547 BC.

Phrygian language

The Phrygian language is an extinct Indo-European language of central and western Anatolia, closely related to Greek and attested in about 500 inscriptions from the 8th century BC to the Roman period.

Phrygian mode

Phrygian mode: the diatonic scale from E to E on white keys, third mode of the major scale and natural minor with a lowered second. Distinct from the ancient Greek Phrygian harmonia; basis of Phrygian dominant, flamenco, and metal sounds.

Phrygians (Φρύγες)

Phrygians (Φρύγες), also called Mushki by Assyrians, were an Indo-European people of Iron Age central Anatolia, capital Gordion, famous king Midas, language closest to Greek.

Phryne (Φρύνη)

Phryne (Φρύνη), originally named Mnesarete, was a Boeotian hetaira active in 4th-century Athens, known for modeling the Aphrodite of Knidos and later becoming a subject of 19th-century art and opera.

Phryne Fisher

Phryne Fisher, the Honourable Miss Phryne Fisher, is a fictional lady detective created by Australian author Kerry Greenwood, first appearing in Cocaine Blues in 1989.

Phrynobatrachus

Phrynobatrachus (puddle frogs) is the sole genus of the African family Phrynobatrachidae, about 97 small frog species across sub-Saharan Africa, with three major clades, East African origin, and repeated terrestrial reproduction.

Phrynocephalus

Phrynocephalus (toad-headed agamas), genus Kaup 1825 of Agamidae, over 40 small ground-dwelling desert lizard species from northwest China to the Arabian Peninsula; oviparous and viviparous (Tibetan Oreosaura) clades, late Oligocene origin about 26.9 Ma.

Phrynops

Phrynops, the toad-headed turtles, is a South American genus of side-necked freshwater turtles (Chelidae) with four recognized species, type species P. geoffroanus, known for cryptic diversity and polluted-urban-river populations.

Phrynosoma

Phrynosoma (horned lizards, horned toads) is a North American lizard genus from Canada to Guatemala in Phrynosomatidae, known for cranial spines, blood-squirting defense, ant-heavy diets, and a disputed species count of 12 to 22.

Phthalaldehyde

Phthalaldehyde, also known as ortho-phthalaldehyde or OPA, is an aromatic dialdehyde used as a fluorescent reagent for primary amines in HPLC and, since 1999, as a high-level disinfectant for endoscopes, replacing glutaraldehyde.

Phthalate

A phthalate is an ester of phthalic acid, made industrially by reacting phthalic anhydride with alcohols, used above all as a plasticizer that softens otherwise brittle polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Phthalates

Phthalates, also called phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid used mainly as plasticizers that make PVC flexible; 6 to 8 million tons are produced yearly.

Phthalic acid

Phthalic acid, also called benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid or o-phthalic acid, is the ortho isomer of benzenedicarboxylic acid, with two carboxyl groups on adjacent positions of a benzene ring.

Phthalic anhydride

Phthalic anhydride, also known as isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, is the cyclic anhydride of phthalic acid, a white crystalline solid with formula C8H4O3 made by oxidizing o-xylene and used mainly in phthalate plasticizers, polyester resins, and alkyd resins.

Phthalide

Phthalide (2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one, C8H6O2, CAS 87-41-2) is a bicyclic gamma-lactone natural product from Apiaceae plants, a FEMA-listed flavoring agent, and parent of phthalide pesticides and the rice-blast fungicide fthalide.

Phthalimide

Phthalimide is an aromatic imide and white crystalline solid whose acidity makes it the nitrogen source of the Gabriel synthesis; its derivatives appear in drugs, dyes, and polymers.

Phthalocyanine

Phthalocyanine is a large planar aromatic macrocycle that binds many metal ions in a central cavity, best known as the parent of intensely blue and green pigments, chiefly copper phthalocyanine, used worldwide.

Phthalocyanine Blue BN

Phthalocyanine Blue BN, also known as copper phthalocyanine, is a bright blue organic pigment, C.I. Pigment Blue 15, discovered in 1928 and used widely in printing inks, coatings, and plastics.

Phthalonitrile

Phthalonitrile (1,2-dicyanobenzene, benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile) is an aromatic dinitrile with two adjacent cyano groups on a benzene ring, an industrial precursor to phthalocyanine pigments, fluorescent brighteners, and photographic sensitizers.

Phthalylsulfathiazole

Phthalylsulfathiazole (Sulfathalidine, Фталазол), ATC A07AB02, is a poorly absorbed sulfonamide prodrug releasing sulfathiazole in the colon; discovered by Poth and Ross in 1943, DDD 9 g oral, used for intestinal infections.

Phthiocerol/phthiodiolone dimycocerosyl transferase, C-terminal

PapA_C (PF16911, IPR031641), the C-terminal CAT-like domain of phthiocerol/phthiodiolone dimycocerosyl transferase (PapA5) of M. tuberculosis, part of the two-domain acyltransferase that completes PDIM virulence-lipid synthesis.

Phthipodochiton

Phthipodochiton is an extinct genus of palaeoloricate chiton-like mollusc from the Upper Ordovician of Girvan, Scotland; type species P. thraivensis (Reed, 1911), redescribed by Sutton and Sigwart in 2012 as the first fossil chiton demonstrably lacking a true foot, with a vermiform body and ventrally wrapping spicular girdle.

Phthiracaroidea

Phthiracaroidea is a superfamily of ptyctimous oribatid mites, soil arachnids that retract their legs and seal shut into a seed-like capsule, with more than 800 described species living in leaf litter worldwide.