All articles starting with P
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Phraates III
Phraates III (فرهاد سوم) was king of kings of the Parthian Empire, reigning from about 70 BC until he was murdered by his sons in 58/57 BC.
Phraates V
Phraates V (فرهاد پنجم), also called Phraataces, was a king of the Parthian Empire from 3/2 BCE to 4 CE, deposed by the Parthian nobles.
Phrack
Phrack, also known as Phrack Magazine, is a free electronic hacker magazine founded in 1985 by Taran King and Knight Lightning, the underground computing scene's longest-running journal of technical articles.
Phragmatopoma californica
Phragmatopoma californica, the honeycomb or sandcastle worm (Sabellariidae, Polychaeta), is an intertidal California tube worm that glues sand grains with a DOPA-crosslinked, phosphoserine-rich protein cement, a model for biomimetic bone adhesives.
Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
The Phragmén–Lindelöf principle, also known as the Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem, is a result in complex analysis extending the maximum modulus principle to unbounded domains, proved by Phragmén and Lindelöf in 1908.
Phragmén's voting rules
Phragmén's voting rules are Edvard Phragmén's load-balancing methods for multi-winner approval elections: leximax-Phragmén, var-Phragmén, seq-Phragmén, and Eneström-Phragmén, satisfying PJR and inducing D'Hondt, Sainte-Laguë, and largest remainder.
Phragmipedium
Phragmipedium (slipper orchids) is a genus of about 15 Neotropical Cypripedioideae orchids from SW Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, defined by a three-chambered ovary, wet streamside habitats, and CITES Appendix II listing.
Phragmites
Phragmites, the common reed genus, includes four clonal wetland grasses; the Eurasian subspecies Phragmites australis australis is a major North American wetland invader, distinguished from native americanus by faster spread, higher biomass, and stronger diversity reduction.
Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis (common reed) is a globally widespread wetland grass of Poaceae, native on every continent except Antarctica; its introduced European lineage is a major North American wetland invader, while the species is also widely used in phytoremediation.
Phragmochaeta
Phragmochaeta (P. canicularis) is the oldest known fossil polychaete annelid, described by Conway Morris and Peel in 2008 from about 40 specimens in the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstatte, North Greenland; a headless stem-group annelid with hatch-like chaetae, type of family Phragmochaetidae.
Phragmocone
Phragmocone: the chambered, septa-divided buoyancy part of cephalopod shells (nautiloids, ammonoids, belemnites, cuttlebone), pierced by a siphuncle; known from Cambrian Plectronoceras onward.
Phragmoplast
Phragmoplast: the plant cytokinetic apparatus of microtubules, actin, and membranes that builds the cell plate centrifugally; regulated by MAP65-3 and α-Aurora kinase, evolved in Charophyte algae.
Phrai corvee system
The phrai corvee system (ไพร่) was the Siamese system under which registered commoners owed yearly labor to the crown or nobles, abolished under King Chulalongkorn.
Phrakhlang
The Phrakhlang (พระคลัง) was the treasury ministry of the Ayutthaya kingdom in Siam, one of four great departments, controlling revenues, foreign trade, and diplomacy until it became Thailand's Ministry of Finance in 1875.
Phraortes
Phraortes (Old Iranian Fravartiš, possibly Khshathrita of Assyrian records) was the second king of the Medes per Herodotus, son of Deioces and father of Cyaxares, who subjugated the Persians and died in battle against Assyria.
Phrase
Phrase (grammatical phrase, linguistic expression): a group of words functioning as a unit within a clause, lacking subject-predicate organization; headed constructions (NP, VP, PP) central to phrase structure, X-bar, and dependency theories.
Phrase structure rules
Phrase structure rules are rewrite rules in generative grammar, formalized by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s, that expand categories like S → NP VP to build sentence trees.
Phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, also called H2G2, are Douglas Adams catchphrases from the 1978 BBC radio series and 1979 novel, including Don't Panic, 42, towel, and So long and thanks for all the fish.
Phratamnak Kwan Phayao Aquarium
Phratamnak Kwan Phayao Aquarium (พระตำหนักกว๊านพะเยา) is a free freshwater fish exhibition at the Phayao Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center on Kwan Phayao lake, site of the world's first Mekong giant catfish artificial breeding in 1983, beside a preserved royal residence.
Phraya Manopakorn Nititada
Phraya Manopakorn Nititada (พระยามโนปกรณ์นิติธาดา), born Kon Hutasingh, was a Siamese lawyer and noble who served as Siam's first prime minister after the 1932 revolution, until the 1933 military coup removed him.
Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (พระยาพหลพลพยุหเสนา), born Phot Phahonyothin, was a Siamese army colonel who led the 1932 revolution and served as prime minister of Siam from 1933 to 1938.
Phraya Phichai
Phraya Phichai, also known as Phraya Phichai Dap Hak, was a Siamese general and governor of Mueang Phichai under King Taksin, famous for fighting on after his sword broke in 1774.
Phreaking
Phreaking, or phone phreaking, is the exploration and manipulation of telephone networks to make free calls, flourishing from the late 1950s until blue box techniques stopped working in the early 1990s.
Phreatic zone and phreatic cave passages
Phreatic zone and phreatic cave passages: the water-saturated zone below the water table and the flooded, tube-shaped, looping cave passages formed there, contrasted with vadose passages and used as sea-level and hydrochemistry indicators.
Phrenic nerve
Phrenic nerve (nervus phrenicus): bilateral mixed nerve from C3-C5 (mainly C4) that is the sole motor supply of the diaphragm and sensory nerve of its center, pericardium, and mediastinal pleura; injury causes hemidiaphragm paralysis.
Phrenic nerve stimulation
Phrenic nerve stimulation is a clinical neurophysiology technique that activates the phrenic nerve, the diaphragm's sole motor supply, to test diaphragm function or treat central sleep apnea.
Phrenology
Phrenology, or Schädellehre, is the discredited 19th-century practice of reading personality from skull bumps, founded by Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, popularized by George Combe and the Fowlers, and rejected as pseudoscience.
Phrixi Rupes
Phrixi Rupes is an IAU-approved Martian escarpment (rupes), 413.09 km across, centered at 44.67S, 67.03W in Aonia Terra; a thrust-fault lobate scarp named for the classical albedo feature Phrixi, approved June 5, 2017.
Phronesis (φρόνησις)
Phronesis (φρόνησις), practical wisdom or prudence, is Aristotle's intellectual virtue of good judgment in particular situations, contrasted with techne and sophia, perfected with virtue of character, and revived in modern virtue ethics and professional fields.
Phrygia
Phrygia was an ancient Iron Age state located in western-central Anatolia. Under King Midas in the eighth century BC, its capital Gordion flourished until its eventual absorption.