All articles starting with P

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R, physiatry) is the medical specialty restoring function in nerve, muscle, bone, and brain disorders. Recognized as a US specialty in 1947; shaped by war, polio, and Baruch philanthropy.

Physical organic chemistry

Physical organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry applying quantitative tools such as kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotope effects to organic reaction mechanisms, best known for the Hammett equation.

Sep 29, 2026

Physical performance testing

Physical performance testing is a set of standardized clinical assessments in which patients perform quantified physical tasks, such as the SPPB and Timed Up and Go, to measure strength, balance, and mobility.

Physical Phenomena

Physical phenomena: observable events of matter and energy, also a MeSH descriptor (D055585, tree G01, introduced 2009) covering astronomical, mechanical, optical, radiation, and thermodynamic processes.

Physical planning

Physical planning, also called land use or spatial planning, orders land uses and built structures to coordinate human activities; implemented through national frameworks such as England's NPPF, Ireland's 2024 Act, and New Zealand's new planning system.

Physical properties and analysis of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids

The physical properties and analysis of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids follow regular trends from formic acid upward: pKa near 4.8, rising boiling points from dimerization, and falling water solubility past C4.

Physical properties and phase behavior of carbon dioxide

The physical properties and phase behavior of carbon dioxide cover its phase diagram, triple and critical points, dry ice sublimation at −78.5 °C, densities, solubility, and transport properties.

Physical property

A physical property is a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical composition, like density, color, hardness, and electrical conductivity.

Physical quantity

A physical quantity is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance that can be expressed as a number with a measurement unit, like length or mass.

Oct 20, 2026

Physical Restraint

Physical restraint: any manual method, device, or equipment that restricts a person's free movement, used in hospitals, nursing homes, psychiatry, and law enforcement. Evidence shows it does not reduce falls and carries harms including delirium, nerve injury, and death.

Physical Review

Physical Review is a family of peer-reviewed physics journals published by the American Physical Society. Founded at Cornell in 1893, it now covers all areas of physics.

Physical Review A

Physical Review A is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society, covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum science; it was created in 1970 when The Physical Review split into four journals.

Physical Review B

Physical Review B (PRB) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society covering condensed matter and materials physics, created in 1970 when The Physical Review split into four journals.

Physical Review D

Physical Review D is a peer-reviewed physics journal published by the American Physical Society, covering particle physics, field theory, gravitation, and cosmology. Launched in 1970.

Physical Review E

Physical Review E is a peer-reviewed physics journal published by the American Physical Society since 1993, covering statistical, nonlinear, biological, soft matter, fluids, plasma, and computational physics.

Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed physics journal published by the American Physical Society, launched in 1958 to publish short reports across all fields of physics.

Physical Review Research

Physical Review Research is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, multidisciplinary physics journal published online by the American Physical Society, which announced it in 2019 as its fourteenth peer-reviewed journal.

Physical security

Physical security protects people, property, and facilities against theft, vandalism, and violent acts by combining site design, barriers, electronic measures like CCTV and access control, and security guards.

Physical theatre

Physical theatre is a body-centered form of theatre emphasizing movement over dialogue; an umbrella term covering mime, dance, clowning, and devised work, with pioneers including Lecoq, Decroux, Grotowski, and DV8's Lloyd Newson.

Physical Therapists

Physical therapists (physiotherapists) are licensed rehabilitation clinicians who assess and treat movement dysfunction with exercise, manual therapy, and modalities; US entry requires a DPT degree, with direct access self-referral and 10-plus board specialties.

Physical therapy

Physical therapy, also called physiotherapy, is a health care profession in which licensed physical therapists examine and treat people whose movement is limited by injury, disease, or aging.

Physical Therapy Modalities

Physical therapy modalities: MeSH-defined therapeutic techniques and physical agents (exercise therapy, TENS, ultrasound, shockwave, heat, cold, manipulation) used by physical therapists, with evidence, safety, and adherence data.

Physical vapor deposition

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a family of vacuum coating processes that vaporize a solid source material and condense it as a thin film on a substrate.

Physical verification

Physical verification is the sign-off stage in chip design where DRC and LVS checks confirm an integrated circuit layout is manufacturable and matches the intended design.

Physical-layer authentication

Physical-layer authentication is a set of techniques for verifying a wireless transmitter's identity or message integrity using hardware fingerprints and channel properties rather than upper-layer cryptography alone.

Physical-layer key generation

Physical-layer key generation is a wireless security technique in which two devices derive a shared encryption key from random fading of the radio channel between them.

Physical: 100 (피지컬: 100)

Physical: 100 (피지컬: 100), also styled Physical 100, is a Netflix Korean survival reality show by Jang Ho-gi where 100 elite contestants compete in elimination quests; first Korean unscripted series to top Netflix's global non-English Top 10, spawning Physical: Asia and international adaptations.