All articles starting with P
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Planing (boat)
Planing is the mode in which a boat's weight is carried by hydrodynamic lift from its hull's motion rather than buoyancy, letting it exceed displacement speed limits.
Planing hull
A planing hull is a boat hull supported at speed by dynamic water lift on its flat or V-shaped bottom, unlike a displacement hull capped by hull speed.
Planity
Planity is a French software-as-a-service and online booking platform for hair and beauty salons, founded in Paris by Antoine Puymirat and co-founders, operating in France, Germany, and Belgium.
Plank (exercise)
Plank (exercise): isometric core hold keeping the body straight on forearms or hands; trains rectus abdominis, obliques, transversus abdominis; dosed in 20-second to 2-minute holds, two to four times weekly.
Plank flooring
Plank flooring is wood flooring made of boards 3 inches wide or wider, giving a more casual look than narrower strip flooring, and also covers vinyl and laminate planks.
Plank house
A plank house is a dwelling of cedar posts, beams, and split planks built by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, used as winter homes and meeting houses.
Planking (fad)
Planking, also the Lying Down Game, was a 2011 photo fad of lying face down stiffly in odd places and posting the photo; it peaked after David Williams's rugby celebration and ended after Acton Beale's fatal Brisbane fall.
Plankton
Plankton, from Greek for drifter, are organisms carried by currents, divided into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Term coined by Victor Hensen in 1887; phytoplankton produce about 45% of global primary production.
Plankton and Karen
Plankton and Karen (シェルドンJ.プランクトン and カレン・プランクトン) are the married villain duo of SpongeBob SquarePants: a copepod and his supercomputer wife who run the failing Chum Bucket and scheme to steal the Krabby Patty formula, created by Stephen Hillenburg, first appearing July 31, 1999.
Plankton net
A plankton net is a cone- or cylinder-shaped device of fine mesh towed through water to filter and concentrate plankton, which collect in a bucket at the cod end.
Plankton: The Movie
Plankton: The Movie is a 2025 Netflix animated musical comedy spin-off of SpongeBob SquarePants, directed by Dave Needham, following Plankton and his computer wife Karen; released March 7, 2025, scoring 73% on Rotten Tomatoes and 61 on Metacritic.
Planktonic foraminiferal extinction and recovery at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Planktonic foraminiferal K–Pg extinction: ~70–90% of species lost at the Chicxulub impact 66 Ma, with Guembelitria cretacea as sole survivor genus, blooms to 80–100%, and full diversity recovery taking over 20 million years.
Planktothrix
Planktothrix is a genus of filamentous, bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the order Oscillatoriales that dominates toxic blooms in temperate freshwater lakes; its main species, P. agardhii and P. rubescens, produce microcystins.
Planned community
Planned community: a settlement built to a comprehensive pre-arranged design, spanning company towns, Ebenezer Howard's garden cities (Letchworth 1903, Welwyn 1919), Britain's 32 post-1946 New Towns Act towns, US examples like Reston and Levittown, and England's 2026 seven-site new towns programme.
Planned economy
A planned economy, also called a command and control economy, is an economic system in which a central authority determines what is produced, in what amounts, and by what methods.
Planned obsolescence
Planned obsolescence, also called built-in or programmed obsolescence, is the strategy of shortening a product's useful life so customers must replace it sooner, exemplified by the 1925 Phoebus lightbulb cartel.
Planned Parenthood
Planned Parenthood (PPFA) is the largest U.S. nonprofit provider of sexual and reproductive health care and sex education, founded from Margaret Sanger's 1916 Brooklyn birth control clinic, with nearly 600 health centers, 2 million-plus patients, and major 2025 Medicaid funding battles.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), the Supreme Court case reaffirming Roe v. Wade's core while adopting the undue burden standard, later overruled by Dobbs (2022).
Planning
Planning, also called action planning, is the process of identifying the means, resources, and actions needed to accomplish an objective, a core function of top managers.
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (1990 c. 9) is the UK consolidation statute for listed building consent and conservation area controls, imposing special regard duties under sections 16, 66 and 72 and criminal liability under section 9.
Planning Commission (योजना आयोग) (India)
The Planning Commission of India (योजना आयोग) was a government body created in 1950 that drafted the Five-Year Plans, abolished in 2015 and replaced by NITI Aayog.
Planning fallacy
Planning fallacy, named by Kahneman and Tversky in 1979, is the tendency to underestimate task time, cost, and risk while overestimating benefits; corrected by reference class forecasting using outcomes of similar past projects.
Planning game
The planning game is the planning practice of Extreme Programming, a structured negotiation where customers prioritize user stories and programmers estimate effort, combining business value with cost.
Planning of the September 11 attacks
Planning of the September 11 attacks ("planes operation"): al Qaeda's multi-year plot, devised by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, approved by Bin Ladin in 1999, trained in Afghanistan, executed September 11, 2001.
Planning poker
Planning poker, also called Scrum poker, is a consensus estimation technique where agile team members privately choose cards, reveal them together, and discuss until they converge.
Planning Techniques
Planning techniques: structured methods (MBO, PERT, PPBS, Delphi, scenario construction, comparison matrix, MCA, decision analysis) for setting goals, generating alternatives, and evaluating options in organizations, urban planning, and AI planning.
Plano Cruzado
Plano Cruzado was Brazil's anti-inflation program of February 1986 under President José Sarney, which froze prices and wages and replaced the cruzeiro with the cruzado.
Plano Independent School District
Plano ISD (TEA district 043910) is a Collin County, Texas public school district serving about 100 square miles near Dallas with 69 campuses, roughly 44,000 students, a B state rating, seven trustees, and a $44.8 million 2026-27 deficit.
Plano Piloto
Plano Piloto (Pilot Plan) is Lúcio Costa's 1957 urban master plan for Brasília, Brazil's capital, built around two crossing axes, superquadras, and four urban scales; UNESCO World Heritage since 1987.
Plano Real
The Plano Real was Brazil's 1994 stabilization plan, a three-stage program of fiscal rebalancing, the transitional URV unit, and the new real currency that ended hyperinflation.