All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Plant oils/clove oil
Plant oils/clove oil, the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (oil of cloves, minyak cengkeh), is an EU-listed pesticide active substance whose main component, eugenol (45-90%), provides antifungal, insecticidal, and nematicidal activity.
Plant oils/coconut oil
Plant oils/coconut oil, EU active substance ID 299 (Cocos nucifera oil), a plant-derived insect repellent oil not approved as an EU pesticide since Decision 2004/129/EC, with a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.
Plant oils/daphne oil
Plant oils/daphne oil (EU ID 300) is a Daphne-derived essential oil insecticide repellent against grain weevils and thrips; not EU-approved, default MRL 0.01 mg/kg, carvone and spathulenol major constituents.
Plant oils/eucalyptus oil
Plant oils/eucalyptus oil (EU ID 302), eucalyptus essential oil rich in 1,8-cineole: a botanical pesticide active substance, not approved in the EU but EPA-registered in the US since 1948 as an insecticide, miticide, and repellent.
Plant oils/gaiac wood oil
Guaiac wood oil (Plant oils/Gaiac Wood oil, CAS 8016-23-7, FEMA 2534) is a woody-rosy essential oil distilled from Bulnesia sarmientoi heartwood, rich in bulnesol and guaiol; used in perfumery and flavoring, not EU-approved as a pesticide.
Plant oils/garlic oil
Garlic oil (Allium sativum essential oil; CAS 8000-78-0), a sulfur-compound biopesticide whose major component diallyl disulfide acts as insecticide, repellent, and nematicide; EPA minimum-risk ingredient, EU-approved as garlic extract to 2036.
Plant oils/lemongrass oil
Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus, C. citratus; CAS 8007-02-1), a citral-rich essential oil used as flavoring, feed additive, and biopesticide; EPA-registered since 1972, not EU-approved as a pesticide.
Plant oils/maize oil
Plant oils/maize oil (corn oil, EU ID 306) is maize-germ oil as a pesticide active substance: not EU-approved, default MRL 0.01 mg/kg, allowed in organic farming except as herbicide, a US minimum risk pesticide acting by suffocation.
Plant oils/marjoram oil
Marjoram oil (sweet marjoram oil, CAS 8015-01-8) is the essential oil steam-distilled from dried leaves of Origanum majorana L., rich in 4-terpinenol and terpinenes; EU-authorized as a feed flavoring additive (10 mg/kg) and FDA food flavoring, but not an approved EU pesticide.
Plant oils/olive oil
Plant oils/olive oil, EU active substance ID 308, is olive oil's entry in the EU pesticide system: notified by the United Kingdom, never approved, subject to a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg, unlike approved oils such as rape seed oil.
Plant oils/peanut oil
Plant oils/peanut oil is an EU pesticide active substance (ID 40, CAS 23505-41-1) derived from refined peanut seeds. Its use in plant protection was withdrawn following a 2004 EU decision.
Plant oils/pinus oil
Plant oils/pinus oil (EU ID 41): pine oil, a Pinus-derived terpene mixture used as a non-selective contact herbicide and disinfectant; not EU-approved for plant protection, but reregistered in the US as an antimicrobial.
Plant oils/soybean oil, epoxylated
Soybean oil, epoxylated (epoxidized soybean oil, ESBO, CAS 8013-07-8) is soybean oil with double bonds converted to epoxides; a PVC plasticizer-stabilizer, food-contact additive, and unapproved EU pesticide entry (EU ID 43).
Plant oils/spear mint oil
Plant oils/spear mint oil (CAS 8008-79-5) is the EU-registered spearmint oil active substance, ≥550 g/kg (R)-carvone, approved 2009 as a potato sprout inhibitor via postharvest hot fogging; also registered in Canada (Biox-M, 2024).
Plant oils/ylang ylang oil
Ylang ylang oil (Cananga odorata, CAS 8006-81-3), a floral essential oil from tropical flowers, distilled in Extra–Third grades; used in perfumery, flavoring (FEMA 3119), EU feed additive, restricted in cosmetics.
Plant organelle RNA recognition domain
Plant organelle RNA recognition (PORR) domain, formerly DUF860 (Pfam PF11955, InterPro IPR021099), a plant-specific RNA-binding domain whose small angiosperm gene families (15-17 members) mediate mitochondrial and chloroplast group II intron splicing; members include WTF1, WTF9, RPD1, and OsPORR1/FSE5.
Plant papain-like proteases
Plant papain-like proteases are cysteine endopeptidases of the papain family extracted from plants other than papaya, the commercially important ones being bromelain from pineapple, ficin from fig, actinidin from kiwifruit, and zingibain from ginger.
Plant pathogen avirulence protein
Plant pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins, also called effectors, are pathogen-encoded proteins recognized by plant resistance (R) proteins, triggering effector-triggered immunity and the hypersensitive response; they promote virulence on plants lacking the cognate R gene.
Plant pathology
Plant pathology (phytopathology) is the science of understanding, diagnosing, and managing plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and abiotic factors, spanning plant immunity, diagnostics, epidemiology, and disease management.
Plant Pathology (journal)
Plant Pathology (ISSN 0032-0862) is a bimonthly Wiley journal owned by the British Society for Plant Pathology, founded by MAFF in 1952; distinct from the Korean Plant Pathology Journal.
Plant peroxidase
Plant peroxidase (class III peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7): secretory heme glycoprotein enzymes of land plants, in large multigene families (73 genes in Arabidopsis, 138 in rice), driving lignification, cell wall, auxin and ROS metabolism, defense, and biotech uses.
Plant physiology
Plant physiology: the study of how plants function, covering photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, xylem water transport, mineral nutrition, and stress responses; founded experimentally by Stephen Hales in 1727.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB, Elsevier plant science journal, ISSN 0981-9428, founded 1987 from Physiologie vegetale, official FESPB journal since 2004, Q1, CiteScore 8.2.
Plant population
Plant population (Pflanzenbestand) is the number of plants in an area, or per unit area of land in agriculture; a level of ecological organization studied by plant population ecology, with density-size scaling and viability analysis applications.
Plant production
Plant production: growing crops, fodder, and industrial plants within agriculture. Covers potential, attainable, and actual yield levels, limiting factors (water, nutrients, pests), FAO's Plant Production and Protection Division, and organic versus conventional yield gaps.
Plant propagation
Plant propagation, also called artificial propagation, is the practice of producing new plants from existing ones, either sexually by seed or asexually from vegetative parts such as stems, roots, or leaves.
Plant protection
Plant protection: measures against crop pests, diseases, and weeds, from cultural and biological control to plant protection products, organized through Integrated Pest Management and governed by the IPPC, EU, and national biosecurity systems.
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) is a USDA APHIS program safeguarding American crops and forests against plant pests, regulating imports, issuing permits, and certifying exports.
Plant protection regulatory bodies
Plant protection regulatory bodies are the public institutions managing crop pests and pesticide risks: national plant protection organizations under the IPPC, and national pesticide regulators under domestic law.
Plant protein wine fining agents
Plant protein wine fining agents (pea, potato patatin, wheat gluten, grape seed proteins) clarify and stabilize wine as alternatives to animal proteins; OIV-admitted, max dose under 50 g/hl, FDA GRAS Notice 182.