All articles starting with P
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Plant reproduction
Plant reproduction is the set of processes by which plants produce new individuals sexually via sperm and egg fusion or asexually through vegetative parts, spores, and seeds.
Plant RNA polymerases IV and V
Plant RNA polymerases IV and V are plant-specific, 12-subunit Pol II-derived enzymes producing non-coding RNAs for RNA-directed DNA methylation, silencing transposons and shaping development and genome defense.
Plant self-incompatibility response
Plant self-incompatibility response: pistil-side genetic systems (S-RNase/SLF, SRK-SCR, PrsS-PrpS) that recognize and reject self-pollen, enforcing outcrossing in roughly 40% of angiosperm species.
Plant Senescence
Plant senescence is the genetically programmed final stage of plant development, in which cells, organs, or whole organisms dismantle cellular structures and remobilize nutrients before dying.
Plant specific eukaryotic initiation factor 4B
Plant eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B), a ~59 kD RNA-binding factor, stimulates eIF4A helicase activity, has three RNA binding domains, binds eIF4G and PABP, and is phosphorylated during wheat heat shock.
Plant stem
Plant stem: the main structural axis of a vascular plant's shoot system, bearing nodes, internodes, and buds. Distinguished by vascular bundle arrangement: ringed in dicots, scattered in monocots, with secondary growth forming wood.
Plant Sucrose Phosphatase
Plant sucrose phosphatase (SPP, EC 3.1.3.24, sucrose-phosphate phosphatase) is the HAD-superfamily Mg2+-dependent enzyme catalyzing the final, irreversible step of sucrose biosynthesis, hydrolyzing sucrose-6-phosphate to sucrose; plants carry multiple SPP genes, and SPP interacts with SPS.
Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy: the science of identifying, naming, and classifying plants under the ICN, from Linnaeus's binomial system to molecular phylogenetics, integrative species delimitation, and Kew's WCVP database of 343,000+ species.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is the growth of plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions on nutrient medium, used for micropropagation, conservation, breeding, and genetic transformation.
Plant virus
Plant virus: viruses infecting plants, first identified as tobacco mosaic virus (Mayer 1886, Ivanovsky 1892, Beijerinck 1898). Mostly RNA genomes, vector-transmitted by insects, nematodes, mites, or fungi; classified by the ICTV, countered by RNA silencing and R genes.
Plant virus detection and diagnosis
Plant virus detection and diagnosis is the set of laboratory and field methods for establishing whether a plant is infected with a specific virus, from ELISA to PCR.
Plant virus transmission and vectors
Plant virus transmission is the movement of a virus from an infected plant to a healthy one, most often by vectors such as aphids, whiteflies, or fungi.
Plant world
The Plant World: American monthly journal of popular and general botany, 1897-1919, published by the Plant World Association, Baltimore; absorbed the Asa Gray Bulletin in 1901 and was succeeded by Ecology in 1920.
Plant-based diet
Plant-based diet: an eating pattern centered on plant foods with animal products reduced or excluded; term coined by T. Colin Campbell in the 1980s; linked to metabolic benefits but requires B12 supplementation.
Plant-parasitic nematode management
Plant-parasitic nematode management is the applied discipline of keeping microscopic roundworms that feed on crop roots below damaging densities, using monitoring, rotation, resistant cultivars, nematicides, and biological control in combination.
Plant-parasitic nematode surveys
Plant-parasitic nematode surveys determine which nematode species occur in a region, in what numbers, and on which hosts, using soil sampling, extraction methods, and DNA barcoding.
Planta Centro power station
Planta Centro power station, Spanish Termoeléctrica Planta Centro, is a gas-fired power station at Morón, Venezuela, with a design capacity of 2,000 MW and now largely out of service.
Planta medica
Planta Medica is a peer-reviewed journal covering natural product and medicinal plant research, published in Stuttgart since 1953, first by Hippokrates Verlag and since 1987 by Georg Thieme Verlag.
Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family (Lamiales), about 2,100 species in ~106 genera worldwide; expanded from polyphyletic Scrophulariaceae, 12 tribes, includes Plantago, Antirrhinum, Digitalis, Penstemon, Veronica.
Plantago
Plantago (plantains) is a cosmopolitan genus of about 246 accepted herb species in Plantaginaceae, with rosette leaves, spike inflorescences, and mucilaginous seeds; P. ovata yields psyllium husk, and P. lanceolata and P. major are global weeds and ecological models.
Plantago coronopus
Plantago coronopus, buck's-horn plantain, is a salt-tolerant Plantaginaceae herb native from Europe to Central Asia, with lobed rosette leaves eaten in salads, four subspecies, and introduced invasive populations in Korea, Australia, and the Americas.
Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain or narrowleaf plantain, a perennial Plantaginaceae herb native to temperate Eurasia and Macaronesia, naturalized worldwide; used as forage, food, and an EMA-listed traditional demulcent cough remedy.
Plantago major
Plantago major (broadleaf plantain, great plantain, white-man's-foot) is a Plantaginaceae herb native to temperate Eurasia and Africa, introduced worldwide, a lawn weed of compacted soil and an ancient wound-healing medicinal herb; distinct from psyllium (P. ovata).
Plantago ovata
Plantago ovata (psyllium, ispaghul, blond plantain) is a small Plantaginaceae herb native from the Mediterranean to India; its seed husk yields arabinoxylan gel fibre used as a bulk laxative, cholesterol-lowering supplement, and food thickener.
Plantar fascia
Plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis): dense fibrous tissue from heel to toes supporting the foot arch via the windlass mechanism; central, lateral, medial bands; source of plantar fasciitis, seen in about 10% of people.
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis, also called plantar fasciopathy, is strain-related heel and arch pain worst with first steps after rest. Affects 1 in 10 people, peaks at 45-65, and about 90% of cases resolve within 12 months with conservative care.
Plantar reflex
Plantar reflex: sole-of-foot reflex; normal adults flex the big toe, while upgoing toe (Babinski sign, described 1896) indicates corticospinal tract dysfunction; insensitive but highly specific.
Plantar wart
Plantar wart (verruca plantaris): an HPV-caused wart (types 1, 2, 4) on the sole of the foot, with black vessel dots and mosaic clustering; treated with salicylic acid or cryotherapy, roughly equal in effectiveness.
Plantation
Plantation: large, centrally managed farm or forest estate growing one main cash crop (tea, rubber, oil palm, sugarcane, timber) with hired labor and capital; distinct from smallholdings by scale, bureaucracy, and monoculture.
Plantation complexes in the Southern United States
A plantation complex in the Southern United States was an agricultural estate organized around a single cash crop, worked by enslaved labor before 1865 and tenancy afterward.