All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
PMS1
PMS1 (MLH2, hPMS1, HNPCC3) is a human protein-coding gene at 2q32.2 encoding a mutL/hexB-family mismatch repair protein that heterodimerizes with MLH1 (MutLβ). ClinGen refuted its asserted link to Lynch syndrome in 2023.
PMS2
PMS2 (PMS1 homolog 2) is a DNA mismatch repair gene on chromosome 7p22.1; its protein dimerizes with MLH1. Germline variants cause low-penetrance Lynch syndrome and, biallelically, CMMRD; the PMS2CL pseudogene complicates testing.
PMSF
PMSF, or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, is an irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases widely used to prevent protein degradation during cell lysis and purification; it is unstable in water and toxic.
PMTforDR-TB study
PMTforDR-TB (Probe Melting Technology for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis) is a multicenter observational study in China, sponsored by Beijing Hospital, evaluating rapid molecular detection of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.
PNAD
PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios) is a Brazilian household sample survey run by the IBGE since 1967; its successor, the PNAD Contínua (2012), is Brazil's headline unemployment source.
Pnau
Pnau (PNAU), Sydney electronic group of Nick Littlemore and Peter Mayes (Sam Littlemore joined 2016), known for Sambanova, the Elton John album Good Morning to the Night, and the Cold Heart remix with Dua Lipa; also linked to Empire of the Sun.
PnB Rock
PnB Rock (Rakim Hasheem Allen, 1991-2022), Philadelphia rapper-singer named for Pastorius and Baynton streets; known for "Selfish," albums Catch These Vibes and TrapStar Turnt PopStar, killed in a 2022 Los Angeles robbery.
PNC Financial Services
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. is a Pittsburgh bank holding company formed in 1983, whose PNC Bank subsidiary runs one of the largest retail branch networks in the United States.
PNC Park
PNC Park, Pittsburgh Pirates ballpark on the Allegheny River North Shore, opened April 9, 2001, replacing Three Rivers Stadium; 38,362 capacity, two-deck design, 21-foot right-field Clemente wall, skyline views.
PNEUBEVAX 14
PNEUBEVAX 14 is a 14-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine made in Hyderabad, India, by Biological E, WHO prequalified in 2025 for active immunization of children against invasive pneumococcal disease.
Pneucolin (nasal-spray influenza-vector COVID-19 vaccine)
Pneucolin (dNS1-RBD, DelNS1-nCoV-RBD LAIV) is an intranasal spray COVID-19 vaccine using an NS1-deleted live H1N1 influenza vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 RBD, developed by Wantai, Xiamen University and HKU; EUA in China 2022, phase 3 efficacy 28.2% overall.
Pneuma (πνεῦμα)
Pneuma (πνεῦμα, Latin spiritus) is the ancient Greek term for air in motion or breath, expanded by Anaximenes, Aristotle, Stoic physics (tonos, cosmic cohesion), ancient medicine (psychic pneuma), and the New Testament's Holy Spirit.
Pneumatic artificial muscles
Pneumatic artificial muscles, or PAMs, are soft actuators mimicking biological muscle by converting pressurized gas into pulling force, best known in the McKibben design invented in 1957.
Pneumatic circuit
A pneumatic circuit is an arrangement of compressed-air components, typically supply preparation, directional control valves, and actuators, connected so pressurized air produces controlled motion or logic signals.
Pneumatic conveying
Pneumatic conveying is a method of moving dry bulk materials such as powders, granules, and pellets through enclosed pipelines using air, common in chemical, food, and cement industries.
Pneumatic conveying system
A pneumatic conveying system transports bulk dry materials like flour, cement, and plastic pellets through an enclosed pipeline using compressed air or suction, in dilute or dense phase.
Pneumatic cylinder
A pneumatic cylinder is an actuator that converts compressed air pressure into linear motion through a piston, widely used in industrial automation since the twentieth century.
Pneumatic otoscopy
Pneumatic otoscopy is a diagnostic examination in which a pneumatic otoscope puffs air against the eardrum to judge its movement, directly testing for middle ear effusion.
Pneumatic pressure test
A pneumatic pressure test verifies the strength or leak-tightness of a vessel or piping system using compressed gas, typically dry air or nitrogen, instead of water.
Pneumatic retinopexy
Pneumatic retinopexy is an office-based procedure that repairs selected retinal detachments by injecting an expandable gas bubble to seal the retinal break while the retina reattaches.
Pneumatic stepper motor
A pneumatic stepper motor is an actuator that rotates its shaft in discrete steps using compressed air instead of electricity, widely used in MRI-guided surgical robots.
Pneumatic tube
A pneumatic tube, also known as pneumatic post, moves items inside cylindrical carriers through pipes using compressed air, first used for telegrams in 1853 and now mostly used in hospitals.
Pneumatica
Pneumatica (Greek: Πνευματικά), also known as Pneumatics, is a two-book treatise by Hero of Alexandria describing roughly 80 devices worked by compressed air, steam, and water, including the aeolipile.
Pneumatics
Pneumatics is the branch of fluid power in which a gas, almost always compressed air, transmits and controls energy, flowing from compressors through valves to actuators that produce motion.
Pneumococcal 15 valent conjugate vaccine
Pneumococcal 15-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV15, Vaxneuvance, Merck) covers 15 S. pneumoniae serotypes including 22F and 33F; FDA-approved 2021 for adults, 2022 for children; non-inferior to PCV13.
Pneumococcal 21 valent conjugate vaccine
Pneumococcal 21 valent conjugate vaccine (PCV21), sold as CAPVAXIVE, is a pneumococcal vaccine by Merck approved in 2024, the first designed for adults rather than children.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV; PCV7, PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, PCV21): vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae using protein-conjugated capsular polysaccharides, giving infant efficacy, herd immunity, and serotype replacement issues.
Pneumococcal meningitis
Pneumococcal meningitis, bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus); leading cause of bacterial meningitis in Europe and the US, with 16-37% mortality, treated with ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone and prevented by conjugate vaccines.
Pneumococcal surface protein A
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a choline-binding virulence protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, inhibits complement deposition and binds lactoferrin; classified into 3 families and 6 clades, it is a leading serotype-independent vaccine candidate.
Pneumococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, PCV21, PPSV23) protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Conjugate vaccines work in infants via T-dependent responses; US routine use covers children under 5 and adults 50+.