All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis, also called black lung in coal workers, is a group of occupational lung diseases from inhaled mineral dust, chiefly asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers' pneumoconiosis, causing progressive fibrosis with no cure.
Pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis
Pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis, also called silicotuberculosis, is the co-occurrence of mineral-dust fibrotic lung disease with tuberculosis; ICD-11 code CA60.3, ICD-10 J65, pooled TB relative risk 4.01 with silicosis.
Pneumocystis
Pneumocystis, genus of atypical ascomycete lung fungi; human species Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii) causes PCP pneumonia in immunosuppressed hosts; treated and prevented with TMP-SMX.
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii) is a human lung fungus causing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP/PJP) in immunocompromised people, mainly those with HIV and CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3; diagnosed by microscopy, PCR, and beta-D-glucan.
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumonia due to pneumocystis (PCP, PJP) is a fungal lung infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, mainly affecting people with advanced HIV (CD4 <200) or other immunosuppression; treated with TMP-SMX for 21 days.
Pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography (PEG), a historical brain-imaging technique introduced by Walter Dandy in 1919 and independently by Adolf Bingel, replaced cerebrospinal fluid with air via lumbar puncture to X-ray the ventricles; CT made it obsolete in the 1970s.
Pneumologie
Pneumologie is the German-language journal of respiratory medicine published by Georg Thieme Verlag, official organ of the German Respiratory Society (DGP); founded 1947 as Der Tuberkulosearzt, named Pneumologie since 1989.
Pneumonectomy
Pneumonectomy is the surgical removal of an entire lung, performed mainly for advanced lung cancer and mesothelioma; the first successful one was reported by Evarts Graham in 1933.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia, a lung infection filling the alveoli with pus and fluid, caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites; types include community-acquired, healthcare-acquired, and ventilator-associated; leading infectious killer of children worldwide.
Pneumonia due to Adenovirus
Pneumonia due to adenovirus (HAdV pneumonia, adenoviral pneumonia): lung infection by non-enveloped dsDNA adenoviruses, mainly types 3 and 7, affecting young children and immunocompromised adults; PCR-diagnosed, no approved antivirals, military-only vaccine.
Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli
Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli (E. coli pneumonia, ICD-11 CA40.01, ICD-10 J15.5) is a gram-negative bacterial lung infection with fever, cough, and dyspnoea, mainly hospital-acquired or affecting older adults, with notable fluoroquinolone resistance.
Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae (ICD-11 CA40.02), bacterial pneumonia from gram-negative H. influenzae, mainly Hib and nontypeable strains; fever, productive cough, treated with antibiotics, prevented by Hib conjugate vaccine.
Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae (klebsiella lobar pneumonia, Friedländer's bacillus pneumonia), ICD-11 CA40.03: gram-negative capsular bacillus causing lobar pneumonia with currant-jelly sputum, bulging fissure sign, abscess and empyema, hypervirulent K1 strains, and high antibiotic resistance.
Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia, atypical pneumonia): a mild, gradual-onset community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by a wall-less bacterium, treated with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones, with rising macrolide resistance in Asia.
Pneumonia due to parainfluenza virus
Pneumonia due to parainfluenza virus is a lung infection caused by human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), RNA viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family that frequently cause pneumonia in children.
Pneumonia due to Respiratory syncytial virus
RSV pneumonia (ICD-11 CA40.11; ICD-10 J12.1) is lung inflammation from respiratory syncytial virus, the most common viral pneumonia in young children and a leading cause of U.S. infant hospitalization; preventable by maternal vaccine and infant antibodies.
Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus
Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus (staphylococcal pneumonia), caused by Staphylococcus aureus in MRSA and MSSA forms; a severe, uncommon pneumonia classically post-influenza and nosocomial, treated with vancomycin or linezolid for MRSA.
Pneumonia severity index
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a clinical prediction rule, reported in 1997, that sorts adults with community-acquired pneumonia into five classes of 30-day mortality risk to guide site-of-care decisions.
Pneumonic plague
Pneumonic plague, lung form of Yersinia pestis infection; spreads person-to-person via respiratory droplets, incubation 1–3 days, fatal within 18–24 hours untreated but curable with prompt antibiotics; distinct from bubonic plague; 2026 Irkutsk lab death suspected.
Pneumonitis
Pneumonitis is noninfectious lung inflammation, including radiation, hypersensitivity, aspiration, and drug-induced (immune checkpoint inhibitor) forms; treated with corticosteroids and managed by diagnosis of exclusion.
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis: 45-letter English word coined in 1935 by Everett M. Smith of the National Puzzlers' League, purporting to mean a volcanic silica dust lung disease but chiefly famous as the longest dictionary headword.
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum is free gas in the peritoneal cavity, usually signaling perforated viscus (90% of non-postoperative cases), common and often benign after abdominal surgery, and deliberately created with CO2 insufflation for laparoscopy.
Pneumoradiography
Pneumoradiography, also called insufflation or negative contrast radiography, is X-ray imaging using air, oxygen, or another gas as contrast medium; a MeSH descriptor (D011029, 1974) covering historical techniques like pneumoencephalography.
PNEUMOSIL
PNEUMOSIL (PCV-10 SII) is a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by Serum Institute of India, WHO prequalified 18 December 2019 as the third PCV, priced at US$2 per dose for Gavi countries.
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax: air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. Types include primary/secondary spontaneous, traumatic, iatrogenic, tension. Managed by observation, aspiration, or chest tube; VATS prevents recurrence.
Pneumovax 23
Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23, PPV23) is Merck's 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, US-licensed in 1983, covering 23 S. pneumoniae serotypes; 60-70% effective against invasive disease, less against pneumonia, given with PCV15.
PneuNet
A PneuNet, or pneumatic network, is a soft pneumatic actuator made of an elastomer with interconnected air chambers that bends when pressurized, widely used in soft grippers.
PNF trial (NCT06667115)
PNF trial (NCT06667115), a completed Dominican University New York study of PNF D2 shoulder exercise with VR gaming and concurrent feedback in 30 healthy adults; VR hastened infraspinatus and lower trapezius activation, feedback added none.
PNG
PNG, or Portable Network Graphics, is a lossless image file format developed as a patent-free replacement for GIF and approved as a W3C Recommendation in 1996.
PNG LNG
PNG LNG is Papua New Guinea's first and largest liquefied natural gas project, operated by ExxonMobil and exporting from a two-train plant near Port Moresby since 2014.