All articles starting with P
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Polar decomposition
The polar decomposition, or polar factorization, is a matrix factorization A = UH into a unitary or orthonormal-column factor U and a Hermitian positive semidefinite factor H.
Polar Electro
Polar Electro is a Finnish sports technology company headquartered in Kempele, founded in 1977 by Seppo Säynäjäkangas, which introduced the first wireless heart rate monitor in 1983 and sells sports watches and activity trackers.
Polar fleece
Polar fleece is a soft brushed polyester knit invented by Malden Mills with Patagonia around 1979-1981, sold in Micro/100/200/300 weights, warm, quick-drying, not windproof, and prone to microfiber shedding.
Polar front
The polar front is the semi-permanent boundary between cold polar air and warmer low-latitude air in each hemisphere's midlatitudes, along which most extratropical cyclones form.
Polar ice cap
Polar ice cap: high-latitude ice-covered region on Earth (Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, Arctic and Antarctic sea ice) and on Mars; not a true ice cap per NSIDC; IMBIE records 12.5 trillion tons lost since the 1970s.
Polar Ice Cream Company
Polar Ice Cream Company is a privately held South African manufacturer of ice cream and frozen desserts, founded by Ashraf Mohamed in 1990 and based in Cape Town.
Polar Icebreaker Project
The Polar Icebreaker Project, also called the Polar Class Icebreaker Project, is a Canadian Coast Guard program launched in 2008 to build two heavy polar icebreakers for year-round Arctic operations.
Polar Inertia
Polar Inertia is a French techno project formed in Paris in 2010, known for embedding a serial science-fiction story of the Polar Children inside deep, industrial techno.
Polar low
A polar low is a small but intense maritime cyclone that forms over high-latitude oceans in winter, producing gale-force winds, heavy snowfall, high waves, and icing.
Polar meron
A polar meron is a half-skyrmion topological texture of electric polarization in ferroelectric materials, first observed in strained ultrathin oxide films in 2020 and pursued for high-density information storage.
Polar metal
A polar metal is a crystalline material in which a dipole-carrying polar structure coexists with metallic conductivity, long thought impossible and first uncontested in LiOsO3 in 2013.
Polar modulation
Polar modulation is a transmitter technique that splits a radio signal into envelope and phase components processed separately and recombined in an efficient power amplifier, underlying Kahn's 1952 EER method.
Polar night
Polar night is the winter period north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle when the Sun does not rise for more than 24 hours.
Polar night jet
The polar night jet is a strong westerly wind current in the stratosphere, encircling the winter polar vortex in each hemisphere and acting as a barrier that isolates cold polar air.
Polar orbit
A polar orbit is an orbit inclined 90 degrees in which a spacecraft passes over both poles, the standard choice for Earth mapping and environmental monitoring.
Polar plot
A polar plot is a graph of a curve on a polar coordinate system, plotting points at a radius and angle, often circles, cardioids, roses, and spirals.
Polar regions of Earth
Polar regions of Earth: the Arctic and Antarctic, poleward of roughly 66.5° latitude. Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land; Antarctic a frozen continent surrounded by ocean, with distinct ice, wildlife, and warming trends.
Polar route
A polar route, or transpolar route, is an air route crossing the polar regions, mainly Arctic flights between North America and Asia that save time and fuel.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (ध्रुवीय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान)
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, also known as ध्रुवीय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान or PSLV, is a four-stage Indian rocket developed by ISRO, first flown in 1993 as its workhorse launcher.
Polar skyrmion
A polar skyrmion is a nanoscale swirling texture of electric polarization in a ferroelectric, the electrical analog of the magnetic skyrmion, first observed at room temperature in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices.
Polar skyrmions
Polar skyrmions are nanoscale topological textures of electric polarization in ferroelectric materials, where polarization winds around a core like a particle, discovered in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices.
Polar skyrmions in ferroelectric superlattices
Polar skyrmions in ferroelectric superlattices are nanoscale, topologically stable textures in which electric polarization swirls in three dimensions, first observed at room temperature in lead titanate/strontium titanate layers in 2019.
Polar space
A polar space is a point-line incidence geometry satisfying the one-or-all axiom, introduced by F. D. Veldkamp in 1959 and tied to the classical groups of Lie type.
Polar stratospheric cloud
The polar stratospheric cloud, also called a nacreous or mother-of-pearl cloud, forms in the winter stratosphere at 15 to 30 km and drives Antarctic ozone depletion.
Polar tube protein 2
Polar tube protein 2 (PTP2) is a conserved structural protein of the microsporidian polar tube invasion organelle, encoded tandemly with ptp1, lysine-rich with a signal peptide, and used as a diagnostic target for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimp.
Polar vortex
The polar vortex, also called a polar cyclone, is a band of westerly winds encircling each pole in the stratosphere, forming each winter and breaking down in spring.
Polar vortices in ferroelectric superlattices
Polar vortices in ferroelectric superlattices are nanoscale, smoothly rotating arrangements of electric dipoles in the ferroelectric layers of stacked perovskite oxides, first observed in 2016 in lead titanate and strontium titanate superlattices.
Polar WRF
Polar WRF (PWRF) is a polar-optimized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, developed at Ohio State University in 2008 for Arctic and Antarctic simulations.
Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden
Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад (PABSI, Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute), founded 1931 in the Khibiny, Kirovsk, Murmansk Region; northernmost botanical garden in Russia at 67°38' N, one of three beyond the Arctic Circle, a RAS research institute since 1967.
POLARBEAR
POLARBEAR (Polarization of the Background Radiation) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background polarization experiment at the Huan Tran Telescope in Chile's Atacama Desert, known for its 2014 lensing detection.