All articles starting with P
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PolarClean
PolarClean (Rhodiasolv PolarClean) is the commercial name for methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate, a low-toxicity polar aprotic solvent made by Solvay from a Nylon-66 byproduct, used mainly for membrane fabrication and battery cathode slurries.
PolarDC Group
PolarDC Group, known as Polar, is a Norway-based developer, owner, and operator of hydroelectric-powered data centers for AI and high-performance computing tenants, controlled by H.I.G. Capital since October 2024.
Polarella
Polarella is a genus of cold-adapted sea-ice dinoflagellates, with the single described species Polarella glacialis (Montresor, Procaccini and Stoecker, 1999), a bipolar microalga of Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice used as a sedimentary ancient DNA sea-ice proxy.
Polares Medical
Polares Medical SA is a clinical-stage Swiss medical device company in Lausanne, founded in 2017 as a Symetis spinout, developing the MRace transcatheter system for mitral regurgitation.
Polari
Polari (also Palare, Parlyaree) is a British gay slang argot, an English-based lexicon of about 500 words from Italian, Cant, rhyming slang, and Yiddish, used 1930s-1970s, made famous by Round the Horne's Julian and Sandy, now extinct but a heritage symbol.
Polaria
Polaria is an Arctic experience center and aquarium in Tromsø, Norway, opened in 1998 and describing itself as the world's northernmost aquarium, with bearded seals, exhibitions, and a panoramic cinema.
Polarimeter
A polarimeter is an instrument that measures the amount and direction of rotation of plane-polarized light by chiral substances, used to identify compounds, assess purity, and quantify sugar solutions.
Polarimetric calibration
Polarimetric calibration is the procedure that estimates and removes polarization-dependent distortion in a radar or optical polarimeter, correcting cross-talk and channel imbalance in synthetic aperture radar and instruments such as POLDER.
Polarimetric decomposition
Polarimetric decomposition is a radar remote sensing technique that separates polarimetric SAR measurements into surface, volume, and double-bounce scattering, supporting land cover classification, biomass, and soil moisture retrieval.
Polarimetric imaging
Polarimetric imaging is an imaging technique that measures the polarization state of light from every point in a scene, adding contrast where conventional cameras show little.
Polarimetric SAR
Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) is a radar remote sensing technique that measures the scattering matrix of every pixel, so received power can be synthesized for any transmit and receive polarization.
Polarimetric weather radar
Polarimetric weather radar, also called dual-polarization or dual-pol radar, transmits pulses polarized both horizontally and vertically to measure particle size, shape, and composition; the US NEXRAD network was upgraded between 2011 and 2013.
Polarimetry
Polarimetry is the measurement of the polarization state of light, performed by an instrument called a polarimeter; scattering, reflection, and optically active matter alter polarization, making it useful in chemistry, remote sensing, astronomy, and biomedical imaging.
Polaris
Polaris, also known as Alpha Ursae Minoris and Stella Polaris, is a yellow supergiant and the nearest classical Cepheid variable, about 520 light-years away in the northern sky.
Polaris (Marvel Comics)
Polaris (Lorna Dane) is a Marvel Comics X-Men mutant with magnetic powers, daughter of Magneto. Debuted in X-Men #49 (1968) by Arnold Drake and Jim Steranko; seventh X-Men member; appeared in The Gifted and X-Men '97.
Polaris Inc.
Polaris Inc., formerly Polaris Industries, is an American powersports vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Medina, Minnesota. Founded in 1954, it makes RZR and RANGER off-road vehicles, snowmobiles, and Slingshot roadsters.
Polaris Slingshot
The Polaris Slingshot is a three-wheeled, open-cockpit roadster built by Polaris of Minnesota. Launched in 2014, it is classified in the United States as a three-wheeled motorcycle.
Polarite
Polarite is a rare palladium bismuthide mineral with the formula Pd(Bi,Pb), first described in 1969 from copper-nickel sulfide ores at the Talnakh deposit, Norilsk, Russia.
Polariton
A polariton is a quasiparticle formed when a photon couples strongly to a matter excitation, such as an exciton, plasmon, or optical phonon, hybridizing into mixed states.
Polariton blockade
Polariton blockade is a quantum-optical effect in which one polariton, a hybrid light–matter quasiparticle, blocks a second from occupying the same optical mode, by analogy with the Coulomb blockade of electrons.
Polariton condensates
A polariton condensate is a macroscopic quantum state formed when exciton-polaritons, quasiparticles of strongly coupled excitons and photons in a semiconductor microcavity, occupy one quantum state above a threshold density, first demonstrated in 2006.
Polariton Josephson junction
A polariton Josephson junction is a weak link joining two exciton-polariton condensates in a semiconductor microcavity, reproducing Josephson physics, first seen in superconductors, in a light-matter platform.
Polariton laser
A polariton laser is a coherent light source that emits through a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity, promising coherent light at far lower energy than conventional lasers.
Polariton superfluidity
Polariton superfluidity is the frictionless flow of exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed when cavity photons couple to excitons in semiconductor microcavities, demonstrated in 2009 and at room temperature by 2017.
Polariton transport
Polariton transport is the propagation of polaritons, hybrid quasiparticles formed when photons couple strongly to excitons, plasmons, or phonons, through a solid, reaching distances far beyond bare excitons.
Polaritonic Mott transition
The polaritonic Mott transition is a phase transition of polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles in coupled cavities, between a localized Mott-insulator state and a delocalized superfluid.
Polarity (international relations)
Polarity in international relations classifies the distribution of power among states as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. Formulated systematically by Kenneth Waltz in 1979; the Cold War was bipolar, the post-1990 era largely unipolar, and current debate pits multipolarity against a new US-China bipolarity.
Polarity-reversal catalysis
Polarity-reversal catalysis (PRC) is a strategy in radical chemistry, introduced by Vikram Paul and Brian P. Roberts in 1987, in which a catalyst converts a slow, polarity-mismatched hydrogen-atom abstraction into two fast, polarity-matched steps.
Polarium
Polarium is a Stockholm-based Swedish manufacturer of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, founded in 2015 by Stefan Jansson and installed in more than 70 countries.
Polarizability
Polarizability, also called molecular polarizability, measures how easily an electric field induces a dipole moment in an atom or molecule, underlieing dielectric behavior and refractive index.