All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Pope Anastasius II
Pope Anastasius II (died 19 November 498), 50th bishop of Rome (24 Nov 496 – 19 Nov 498), sought to end the Acacian schism by demanding Acacius's condemnation while recognizing his sacramental acts; later branded an apostate by Dante.
Pope Benedict IX
Pope Benedict IX, born Theophylactus of Tusculum (c. 1012–c. 1055), was the only pope to reign three times (1032–44, 1045, 1047–48) and the pope who sold the papacy to his godfather Gregory VI.
Pope Benedict V
Pope Benedict V (Grammaticus), 132nd pope, elected May 964 after John XII's death despite Otto I's nominee Leo VIII; deposed 23 June 964, exiled to Hamburg under Archbishop Adaldag, died 4 July 965.
Pope Benedict VI
Pope Benedict VI was pope from January 973 until June 974, when a revolt led by Crescenzio I imprisoned him; he was strangled in Castel Sant'Angelo in 974.
Pope Benedict XI
Pope Benedict XI (Niccolò Boccasini), a Dominican friar from Treviso who rose to cardinal bishop of Ostia, was pope from October 1303 until his death in July 1304.
Pope Benedict XII
Pope Benedict XII, born Jacques Fournier, was the third Avignon pope from 1334 to 1342, known for the bull Benedictus Deus and the Palais des Papes.
Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII, born Pietro Francesco Orsini, was a Dominican friar of the Orsini aristocracy who led the Catholic Church from 1724 until his death in 1730.
Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1740 to 1758, called the scholars' pope for his treatises on canonization and diocesan synods.
Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV, born Giacomo della Chiesa, led the Catholic Church from 1914 to 1922, seeking peace during World War I and promulgating the first Code of Canon Law.
Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger (1927–2022), was the 265th pope (2005–2013) and the first papal resignation since Gregory XII in 1415; German Augustinian theologian and former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria
Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria (Ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲁⲙⲓⲛ) was the 38th Coptic patriarch of Alexandria, reigning from 622 to 661 through the Persian occupation, Byzantine persecution, and Arab conquest of Egypt.
Pope Boniface I
Pope Boniface I, also known as Saint Boniface I, was bishop of Rome from 418 until his death in 422, after a disputed election against the antipope Eulalius.
Pope Boniface III
Pope Boniface III, 66th pope, reigned 19 February to November 607 after a year's interregnum. Roman deacon, former Gregory the Great legate to Constantinople; obtained Phocas's decree on Roman primacy and reformed papal elections.
Pope Boniface IV
Pope Boniface IV, 67th bishop of Rome (608–615), former deacon and diplomat under Gregory the Great, converted the Pantheon into Sancta Maria ad Martyres and held the 610 Roman synod on monastic discipline.
Pope Boniface IX
Pope Boniface IX (Pietro Tomacelli), a Neapolitan who was pope from 1389 to 1404, was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism and consolidated the Papal States.
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII (Benedetto Caetani, c. 1235–1303), 193rd pope, elected 1294 after Celestine V's abdication; issued Liber Sextus, the 1300 first Jubilee, Clericis laicos and Unam sanctam; humiliated at Anagni by Philip IV's agents in 1303.
Pope Callixtus I (Κάλλιστος)
Pope Callixtus I, also known as Callistus I, was bishop of Rome from about 217 to 222, a former slave who administered the Catacomb of San Callisto.
Pope Callixtus II
Pope Callixtus II (Calixtus II), born Guido of Burgundy, reigned 1119–1124. As former archbishop of Vienne he excommunicated Henry V in 1112, signed the Concordat of Worms in 1122, and presided over the First Lateran Council in 1123.
Pope Callixtus III
Pope Callixtus III, born Alfonso de Borgia in Játiva, Spain, reigned from 1455 to 1458 and organized a crusade against the Ottomans after the fall of Constantinople.
Pope Celestine I
Pope Celestine I, also known as Saint Celestine I, was the 43rd pope, reigning from 422 to 432; he condemned Nestorius at the Council of Ephesus in 431.
Pope Celestine II
Pope Celestine II, born Guido di Castello, was the 165th pope, reigning from his unanimous election in September 1143 until his death in Rome in March 1144.
Pope Celestine IV
Pope Celestine IV, born Goffredo da Castiglione, was a Milanese pope elected in October 1241 who died after one of the shortest pontificates in papal history.
Pope Celestine V
Pope Celestine V (Pietro del Morrone), 192nd pope, reigned 5 July to 13 December 1294, decreed that popes may freely resign, abdicated after five months, was confined by Boniface VIII at Fumone, died 1296, canonized 1313.
Pope Clement II
Pope Clement II (Suidger, 1046–1047), 149th pope, Saxon noble and bishop of Bamberg installed by Henry III after the Synod of Sutri; issued anti-simony decrees; died October 1047.
Pope Clement III
Pope Clement III (Paolo Scolari, 174th pope, 1187–1191), a Roman cardinal-bishop of Palestrina, returned the papacy to Rome by the 1188 Senate treaty, made peace with Barbarossa, and organized the Third Crusade; distinct from the antipope Clement III (Wibert of Ravenna, 1080–1100).
Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV, born Guy Foulques, was pope from 1265 to 1268, a French widower and lawyer who invested Charles of Anjou with the kingdom of Sicily.
Pope Clement IX
Pope Clement IX (Giulio Rospigliosi), 238th pope 1667–1669 from Pistoia; brokered the Clementine Peace with four Jansenist French bishops and led the 1669 Candie relief expedition.
Pope Clement V
Pope Clement V (Bertrand de Got, 1264–1314), 195th pope, elected 5 June 1305, first Avignon pope, moved the curia to Avignon in 1309, suppressed the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne in 1312, and issued the Clementinae.
Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI, born Pierre Roger, was pope at Avignon from 1342 to 1352, known for his lavish court and for protecting Jews during the Black Death.
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII, born Robert of Geneva, was the first antipope of the Western Schism, elected at Fondi in 1378 in opposition to Urban VI and reigning from Avignon.