All articles starting with P
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Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI, born Bartolomeo Cappellari, was head of the Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846, a Camaldolese monk who reorganized Church missions and condemned the slave trade.
Pope Honorius I
Pope Honorius I, also known as Honorius I, was bishop of Rome from 625 until his death in 638, later condemned by the Third Council of Constantinople in 681.
Pope Honorius II
Pope Honorius II, born Lamberto Scannabecchi, headed the Catholic Church from 1124 to 1130 after serving as Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and negotiating the Concordat of Worms.
Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III, born Cencio Savelli, was pope from 1216 to 1227. He organized crusades to recover the Holy Land and approved the Franciscan and Dominican orders.
Pope Honorius IV
Pope Honorius IV, Giacomo Savelli, served as Pope from 1285 to 1287, overseeing the Papal States' loss of Sicily to the Aragonese while making Rome his permanent residence.
Pope Innocent I
Pope Innocent I, 40th pope (22 December 401 to 12 March 417), born in Albano; asserted Roman primacy, backed John Chrysostom, ruled on Pelagianism, and was absent at Alaric's 410 sack of Rome.
Pope Innocent II
Pope Innocent II (Gregorio Papareschi), 164th pope from 1130 to 1143, elected by a minority of cardinals against antipope Anacletus II, exiled for seven years, backed by Bernard of Clairvaux, victor at the Second Lateran Council of 1139.
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III, born Lotario dei Conti di Segni, reigned as pope from 1198 to 1216, launching the Albigensian Crusade, forcing King John's submission, and convening the Fourth Lateran Council.
Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from 1243 to 1254, a canon lawyer who deposed Emperor Frederick II at the First Council of Lyon.
Pope Innocent IX
Pope Innocent IX, born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was a Bolognese canon lawyer and diplomat elected pope at 72 in 1591; he died after reigning 62 days.
Pope Innocent V
Pope Innocent V, born Pierre de Tarentaise in Savoy around 1225, was the 185th pope, reigning from January to June 1276 as the first Dominican pope; he was beatified in 1898.
Pope Innocent VI
Pope Innocent VI (Étienne Aubert, c. 1282–1362), fifth Avignon pope, reigned 1352–1362; annulled the conclave pact, recovered the Papal States via Cardinal Albornoz, and brokered the peace of Brétigny.
Pope Innocent VII
Pope Innocent VII (Cosma Migliorati, c. 1336–1406), 204th pope, reigned 17 October 1404 to 6 November 1406 during the Western Schism against antipope Benedict XIII; former papal collector in England and patron of the Roman university.
Pope Innocent VIII
Pope Innocent VIII, born Giovanni Battista Cibo in Genoa, was head of the Catholic Church from 1484 to 1492, remembered for the witchcraft bull Summis desiderantes affectibus of 1484.
Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X (Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, 1574–1655), 236th pope from 15 September 1644, condemned Jansenism's five propositions, protested the Peace of Westphalia, and was dominated by Donna Olimpia Maidalchini.
Pope Innocent XI
Pope Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi), 240th pope 1676-1689, fought Louis XIV over the régale and the Gallican Articles, initiated the Holy League against the Ottomans, reformed papal finances, and is honored as blessed.
Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli, was pope from 1691 to 1700, known for the 1692 bull Romanum decet Pontificem that ended nepotism in the Holy See.
Pope Joan
Pope Joan, legendary female pope said to have reigned as John VIII between Leo IV and Benedict III (855–858); first recorded c. 1255 by Jean de Mailly, spread by Martin of Opava, and rejected by historians as entirely apocryphal.
Pope John Paul I
Pope John Paul I (Albino Luciani, 1912–1978), 263rd pope, reigned 33 days from 26 August to 28 September 1978, first double papal name, last Italian-born pope, beatified by Francis in 2022.
Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories
The Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories claim the pope, who died in 1978 after 33 days, was murdered rather than died of a heart attack.
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Karol Wojtyła, 1920–2005), 264th pope, first non-Italian in 455 years; Polish pope whose 1979 pilgrimage helped end communism, survived a 1981 assassination attempt, canonized 2014.
Pope John Paul II's 1989 visit to East Timor
Pope John Paul II's 1989 visit to East Timor was a pastoral visit on 12 October 1989, when he celebrated Mass in Dili before a pro-independence demonstration was suppressed.
Pope John XII
Pope John XII, born Octavian of Tusculum, was the 130th pope, reigning from 955 to 964; he crowned Otto I emperor in 962 and was deposed in 963.
Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI, born Pedro Julião and also known as Peter of Spain, was the 187th pope, reigning from 1276 to 1277 as the only Portuguese pope.
Pope John XXII
Pope John XXII (Jacques Duèse, c. 1249-1334), second Avignon pope (1316-1334), clashed with Louis IV of Bavaria, condemned Franciscan poverty doctrine and the Defensor pacis, and built the Avignon papal finances.
Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII, born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, led the Roman Catholic Church from 1958 until his death in 1963 and convoked the Second Vatican Council.
Pope Julius I
Pope Julius I (Iulius) was a Roman Bishop of Rome who served from 337 to 352, known for intervening in the Arian controversy on behalf of Athanasius.
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (Giulio II, Giuliano della Rovere), 216th pope 1503–1513, the Warrior Pope who expanded the Papal States, broke the League of Cambrai, and patronized Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante.
Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III, born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church from 1550 to 1555, remembered for resuming the Council of Trent.
Pope Leo I
Pope Leo I, also called Leo the Great, was pope from 440 to 461; his Tome was acclaimed at Chalcedon in 451, and he met Attila in 452.