All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Post-structuralism
Post-structuralism is a French intellectual movement of the 1960s and 1970s, associated with Derrida, Foucault, Barthes, and Deleuze, that critiqued structuralism's fixed structures and universal truths, emphasizing arbitrary signifier-signified relations, deconstruction, discourse, and power.
Post-tensioned concrete bridge
A post-tensioned concrete bridge is a concrete bridge whose superstructure is prestressed by steel tendons stressed with jacks after the concrete hardens, widely used in United States bridge building.
Post-tensioning
Post-tensioning is a method of prestressing concrete in which steel tendons are tensioned with jacks after the concrete has hardened, applying a permanent compression to it.
Post-Tensioning Institute
The Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI), founded in 1976 and based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, develops codes, specifications, and certification programs for post-tensioned concrete construction and co-wrote the ACI-PTI 320-25 building code.
Post-term newborn
Post-term newborn (ICD-11 KA22.2): infant born at 42+0 weeks (294 days) gestation or more. Risks include macrosomia, meconium aspiration, NICU admission; distinct from postmaturity syndrome (KA22.3).
Post-thrombotic syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), also called postphlebitic syndrome, is a chronic complication of deep vein thrombosis causing pain, swelling, and ulcers in 20–50% of DVT patients, diagnosed with the Villalta scale and driven by venous hypertension.
Post-training quantization
Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a model-compression technique that converts trained neural network weights to lower bit-widths like INT8 without retraining, reducing model size and latency.
Post-transcriptional modification
Post-transcriptional modification is the chemical and structural alteration of RNA after transcription, including m6A, pseudouridine, m5C, m7G, and A-to-I editing, installed by writer enzymes, removed by erasers, and read by reader proteins to regulate RNA splicing, stability, and translation.
Post-transcriptional regulation
Post-transcriptional regulation controls gene expression on RNA after transcription: capping, splicing, polyadenylation, microRNA repression, and mRNA decay, with kinetic rates and therapeutic applications in RNAi, splice-switching, and mRNA medicines.
Post-transcriptional regulator
Post-transcriptional regulator: an RNA-binding protein or microRNA controlling mRNA turnover, localization, or translation; also InterPro entry IPR025716. Key mechanisms include binding-site competition, sponging, AS-NMD, and alternative polyadenylation.
Post-transition metal
A post-transition metal, also called a poor metal, is a soft, low-melting p-block element such as gallium, indium, tin, lead, and bismuth, with fixed oxidation states unlike transition metals.
Post-translational modification
Post-translational modification (PTM): covalent changes to proteins after translation, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and acetylation; over 650 types described, analyzed mainly by mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an EBV-driven spectrum of lymphoid proliferations to lymphoma arising in immunosuppressed solid-organ or bone marrow transplant recipients, with 1–20% incidence, D+/R− seromismatch as the top risk factor, and sequential RIS, rituximab, and R-CHOP treatment.
Post-traumatic amnesia
Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA): post-coma state of confusion, disorientation, and anterograde/retrograde amnesia after traumatic brain injury; measured with GOAT or Westmead scales; duration classifies TBI severity and predicts outcome.
Post-traumatic arthritis
Post-traumatic arthritis, also called post-traumatic osteoarthritis, is arthritis that develops in a joint after injury such as a fracture or dislocation; latency ranges from 6–12 months to 10–20 years.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): trauma-related mental disorder with re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal; 3.9% lifetime prevalence; treated with PE, CPT, EMDR, and SSRIs.
Post-truth politics
Post-truth politics: political condition where facts matter less than emotion and belief; OED 2016 word of the year; Tesich 1992 coinage; careless speech, echo chambers, Brexit, Trump, COVID-19 cases, and scholarly debate over novelty.
Post-vasectomy pain syndrome
Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS), also called chronic orchialgia or postvasectomy orchalgia, is chronic scrotal pain lasting over three months after vasectomy, affecting roughly 1-5% of men, treated with medications, nerve blocks, denervation, or reversal.
Post-Vulgate Cycle
The Post-Vulgate Cycle, also known as the Post-Vulgate Roman du Graal, is an Old French Arthurian prose cycle of the early thirteenth century that rewrites the Vulgate Cycle.
Post-war consensus
Post-war consensus: term for the mid-1940s to mid-1970s British settlement of welfare state, mixed economy, and full employment, built on the 1942 Beveridge Report and Keynesianism, and heavily contested by revisionist historians.
Post-Western era
Post-Western era: condition in which the West loses its assumed centrality in world politics, knowledge, and culture; covers post-Western IR, postwestern Western-genre culture, and post-Cold War geopolitical divergence.
Post-World War I recession
The post-World War I recession was a severe deflationary US downturn from January 1920 to July 1921, marked by record price falls and unemployment above 11 percent.
Post–Cold War era
The post–Cold War era (after 1989/1991): the period following the Berlin Wall's fall and the Soviet Union's dissolution, marked by U.S.-led unipolarity, NATO enlargement and crisis operations, and the rise and decline of the liberal international order.
Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses
Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses are aircraft destroyed in fights between opposing aircraft since 1945, spanning Korea, Vietnam, the Indo-Pakistani wars, the Falklands, the Gulf, and Ukraine.
Post–World War II economic expansion
The post–World War II economic expansion, or Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of exceptionally fast growth in developed countries from 1945 to the early 1970s.
Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials
Post-WWII Romanian war crime trials (1945-1955), chiefly at the People's Tribunal in Bucharest and Cluj under Law 312/1945, prosecuting Antonescu-era Holocaust perpetrators amid heavy but not determinative Soviet interference.
Posta Crusta
Posta Crusta: Roman villa and late-antique farm near Ordona, Foggia, northern Apulia, excavated by De Boe's Belgian mission; its oletum produced over 7,000 liters of oil before a 5th-century conversion to grain milling. Not the Ladispoli Posta Vecchia.
Postage stamp
A postage stamp, also called a postal stamp, is a small adhesive label on mail showing the sender prepaid carriage, first issued in Britain in 1840.
Postage stamps and postal history of India
Postage stamps and postal history of India: from the 1852 Scinde Dawk, Asia's first adhesive stamp introduced by Sir Bartle Frere in Sindh, through British India's 1854 Queen Victoria issues, princely state stamps, and the Republic's stamps since 1947.
Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
Postage stamps and postal history of the United States: first federal stamps July 1, 1847 (5-cent Franklin, 10-cent Washington), sheet-and-distance rates before 1847, Classic Period 1847–1893, USPS from 1971, Forever stamp 2007.