All articles starting with P
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Product (business)
A product is an offering a firm sells or provides to satisfy a customer need, spanning goods, software, and services, and analyzed in three levels from core to augmented.
Product (mathematics)
In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplying numbers or algebraic objects, as in 3 × 4 = 12, and extends to constructions like the Cartesian product.
Product (Sophie album)
PRODUCT (2015) is the debut compilation album by Scottish producer SOPHIE (Sophie Xeon), released November 27, 2015 on Numbers; eight singles from 2013-2015 including Bipp, Lemonade, and Hard, reissued in 2025 with three bonus tracks.
Product data management
Product data management (PDM) is the software and practice of organizing CAD files, drawings, bills of materials, and revisions in a central repository, so engineers work from current product information.
Product design
Product design is the iterative engineering process that converts requirements into a validated, manufacturing-ready product, using trade studies, prototyping, and testing, with formal variants like FDA design controls.
Product differentiation
Product differentiation is the situation in which products are horizontally differentiated, when consumers disagree about which is best, or vertically differentiated, when all agree on the ranking.
Product distribution
In probability theory, a product distribution is the distribution of the product of two or more random variables, studied with the Mellin transform and applied in reliability, communications, and finance.
Product inhibition
Product inhibition: a reaction's own product slows the enzyme that made it or toxically limits the microbes producing it, seen in feedback regulation, ethanol, butanol (ABE), and lactic acid fermentations; countered by in situ product removal (ISPR).
Product liability
Product liability: law holding manufacturers, distributors, and sellers responsible for damage from defective products. Strict liability in the US, EU Directive 2024/2853 (replacing the 1985 directive) covering software and AI.
Product life-cycle management (marketing)
Product life-cycle management (PLCM) is the marketing practice of guiding decisions on pricing, advertising, and packaging as a product moves through introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.
Product lifecycle
The product lifecycle is the sequence of stages a product passes through from conception to final disposal, with distinct marketing models and engineering models of its phases.
Product management
Product management is the function that decides what product gets built, for whom, and why, guiding it through its life cycle from conception to retirement.
Product manager
A product manager drives product development by defining strategy, roadmap, and features around customer needs, typically with no direct reports and influence instead of authority.
Product measure
A product measure is a measure on the Cartesian product of two measure spaces whose value on a measurable rectangle is the product of the factor measures.
Product of exponentials formula
The product of exponentials formula, introduced by Roger Brockett in 1984, expresses the forward kinematics of an open-chain robot as a product of matrix exponentials of joint screw axes.
Product placement
Product placement, also called embedded advertising or brand integration, is the paid inclusion of a brand in a film or TV program. It is a global market worth $29.63 billion in 2023.
Product quantization
Product quantization is a lossy vector compression method for approximate nearest-neighbor search that splits high-dimensional vectors into subvectors quantized separately, storing each as a short code from which distances are estimated.
Product recall
A product recall, also known as a safety recall, is an action by a firm to remove or correct a defective or unsafe product, usually voluntarily.
Product recovery (reverse logistics)
Product recovery is the set of activities collecting used products from customers and returning them to economic use through reuse, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing, or recycling within reverse logistics.
Product Red
Product Red, also known as the Red Campaign, is a licensing brand founded by Bono and Bobby Shriver in 2006 that channels proceeds to the Global Fund.
Product requirements document
A product requirements document (PRD) is a working document defining what a product must do, owned by the product manager and used by design, engineering, and quality teams.
Product rule
The product rule, also called the Leibniz product rule, gives the derivative of a product: (fg)' = f'g + fg'. Leibniz first published it without proof in 1684.
Product topology
The product topology, also called the Tychonoff topology, is the standard topology on a Cartesian product of topological spaces, the smallest one making every coordinate projection continuous.
Product-market fit
Product-market fit (PMF) is the state where a product satisfies a real market so well that customers buy and use it with little persuasion, coined by Andy Rachleff and popularized by Marc Andreessen's 2007 essay.
Product-service system
A product-service system (PSS) is a business model combining products and services so customers buy use or results instead of owning products, exemplified by Rolls-Royce's Power by the Hour.
Productboard
Productboard is a San Francisco product management software company founded in 2014 by Hubert Palan and Daniel Hejl, valued at $1.725 billion in its 2022 Series D.
Productella
Productella is an extinct Devonian productellid brachiopod genus (Hall, 1867; type species Productus subaculeatus Murchison, 1840), Givetian to Famennian of Eurasia, small concavoconvex ventral-spined shells.
Production (economics)
Production, also called producer theory, is the branch of microeconomics describing how firms combine inputs such as labor and capital into output, covering production functions, costs, and productivity.
Production and songwriter credit lists
Production and songwriter credit lists compile who made a recording or wrote a song: production discographies, songwriter credit lists, and songs-recorded-by lists, all descended from the discography.
Production car speed record
The production car speed record is the highest verified top speed of a street-legal series-production car, with the SSC Tuatara's 455.3 km/h the fastest two-way average.