All articles starting with P
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Prosthetic joint infection
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI), or periprosthetic joint infection, is biofilm-based infection of a joint replacement prosthesis, affecting 0.5–2.2% of arthroplasties, treated by DAIR or one- and two-stage exchange arthroplasty.
Prosthetic makeup
Prosthetic makeup is a special effects discipline using sculpted silicone, foam latex, or gelatine appliances applied to performers to create aging, wounds, and creatures; pioneered by Lon Chaney and Dick Smith, recognized by the Emmy category Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup.
Prosthetic Records
Prosthetic Records is an American independent heavy metal record label founded in Los Angeles in 1998 by E.J. Johantgen and Dan Fitzgerald, known for Lamb of God and Animals as Leaders.
Prosthetic valve complications
Prosthetic valve complications are the disease states that arise after a heart valve is replaced with a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve, including deterioration, thrombosis, and endocarditis.
Prosthodontic Tooth Preparation
Prosthodontic tooth preparation is the instrumented reduction of a natural tooth to receive a crown or prosthesis retainer, governed by retention, resistance, biologic, and esthetic principles, taper of roughly 10 to 20 degrees, and finish line design.
Prosthodontics
Prosthodontics, also called dental prosthetics, is the ADA-recognized dental specialty of restoring missing or deficient teeth and oral/maxillofacial tissues with fixed, removable, implant, and maxillofacial prostheses after three-year specialist training.
Prostitute (band)
Prostitute is a Dearborn, Michigan noise rock band formed in 2020 by Moe Kazra and Andrew Kaster; debut album Attempted Martyr (2024, reissued by Mute) blends Middle Eastern influences with hardcore.
Prostitution
Prostitution, also called sex work for consensual adult exchanges, is the exchange of sexual services for compensation. Key facts: four legal models (criminalization, Nordic model, legalization, decriminalization), Sweden's 1999 buyer-only ban, New Zealand's 2003 decriminalization, and health evidence on policing.
Prostitution among animals
Prostitution among animals: popular label for sex-for-resources exchange in non-human species, e.g., Adélie penguins trading mating for nest stones, hummingbirds for feeding sites, chimpanzee meat-for-sex; biologists prefer the term sexual-economic exchange.
Prostitution by region
Prostitution by region, also known as prostitution around the world, describes how commercial sex and its legal treatment vary across world regions, with 170 countries criminalizing some aspect as of 2024.
Prostitution in Africa
Prostitution (sex work) in Africa: exchange of sexual services for reward, from precolonial forms through colonial regulation to today's HIV key-population policies; sex workers' HIV risk nine times higher globally, sub-Saharan new infections down 50% 2010–2022.
Prostitution in ancient Greece
Prostitution in ancient Greece: a legal, taxed trade across the city-states, especially Athens, spanning pornai and hetairai, male prostitution with citizen disenfranchisement, and the contested scholarly myth of sacred prostitution.
Prostitution in Australia
Prostitution (sex work) in Australia is regulated state by state: NSW, NT, Victoria, and Queensland have decriminalised it, the ACT licenses it, and SA and WA criminalise it, with street soliciting illegal nearly everywhere.
Prostitution in Canada
Prostitution in Canada is governed by the 2014 PCEPA, a Nordic-model law criminalizing buying sex while sparing sellers. It followed the Bedford ruling and was upheld by the Supreme Court in R. v. Kloubakov (2025).
Prostitution in China
Prostitution in China is illegal but widespread since the 1978 reforms; estimates range from one to ten million sex workers, enforced through administrative fines, detention, and the saohuang dafei campaign system.
Prostitution in Europe
Prostitution in Europe: national laws span decriminalization (Belgium 2022), regulation (Germany, Netherlands), criminalization, and the Nordic client-purchase ban (Sweden 1999, France 2016); Croatia uniquely bans selling. Evidence on rape rates, HIV, and trafficking is contested.
Prostitution in France
Prostitution in France: selling sex is legal but buying it is a crime under the 2016 law (1,500 euro fine), the Nordic model. Brothels banned since 1946; France regulationist until World War II, abolitionist since 1960.
Prostitution in Germany
Prostitution in Germany is legal for adults under a regulated regime: the 2002 Prostitution Act (ProstG) granted contract rights, and the 2017 Prostitute Protection Act (ProstSchG) requires registration, health counseling, and business permits; about 32,300 workers were registered in 2024.
Prostitution in Hong Kong
Prostitution in Hong Kong: selling sex is not itself illegal, but brothel keeping, living on earnings of prostitution, and controlling sex workers are Crimes Ordinance offences, producing the one-woman brothel model and colonial-era regulation history.
Prostitution in India
Prostitution in India: sex work itself is not illegal, but the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 criminalizes brothel-keeping, soliciting, and living on earnings; Supreme Court rulings in 2022 and 2026 expanded sex workers' rights.
Prostitution in Japan
Prostitution in Japan (売春) is prohibited by the 1956 Prostitution Prevention Law, which punishes solicitation and mediation but not buyers, while a large gray-zone sex industry operates under the Entertainment Businesses Law.
Prostitution in Kolkata
Prostitution in Kolkata centers on Sonagachi, one of Asia's largest red-light districts, home to the 1992 Sonagachi Project and the Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee sex worker collective, operating under India's Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956.
Prostitution in Macau
Prostitution in Macau: selling sex is not criminalized but organized prostitution is not legalized; migrant women on tourist or entertainer visas dominate saunas and hotels, with trafficking enforcement under penal code Article 153-A.
Prostitution in Mexico
Prostitution in Mexico: not criminalized federally, regulated by states; formal sanitary regulation ran 1862-1940 (Reglamento of 1865), with abolitionism from the 1930s and sex work still lacking federal labor rights.
Prostitution in Nevada
Prostitution in Nevada is legal only in licensed brothels in rural counties; Nevada is the only U.S. state allowing legal sex purchase. County option, a 700,000-population ban excluding Las Vegas and Reno, independent-contractor workers, weekly health testing, and a 2026 unionization drive define the system.
Prostitution in Pakistan
Prostitution in Pakistan is criminalized under the PPC 1860, Hudood Ordinance 1979, and Suppression of Prostitution Ordinance 1961 (women only). Centered historically on Lahore's Heera Mandi courtesan district, it has dispersed into hidden urban networks serving female, male, and hijra sex workers.
Prostitution in Singapore
Prostitution in Singapore is not itself a crime, but solicitation, pimping, brothel-keeping, and trafficking are offences under the Women's Charter; over 100 licensed brothels operate mainly in Geylang, under a system rooted in the 1870 Contagious Disease Ordinance.
Prostitution in South Korea
Prostitution in South Korea is banned under the Act on the Punishment of Arrangement of Commercial Sex Acts (성매매처벌법), which punishes buying, selling, arranging, and financing sex while protecting victims. Its history includes state-sponsored US camptown (kijich'on) prostitution, disease-control clinics, and 2025 litigation against the US military.
Prostitution in Thailand
Prostitution in Thailand is formally illegal under the 1996 Prevention and Suppression of Prostitution Act but operates semi-openly via the 1966 Entertainment Places Act, with an estimated 250,000 sex workers and a Vietnam War-era origin.
Prostitution in the Czech Republic
Prostitution in the Czech Republic (prostituce) follows an abolitionist model since 1922: selling sex is neither banned nor licensed, brothels are prohibited, municipalities regulate street prostitution by ordinance, and procuring and child-proximity prostitution are criminal offenses.