All articles starting with P

Proton Satria

The Proton Satria was a three-door hatchback made by Malaysian carmaker Proton: a Mitsubishi Mirage-based model from 1994 to 2005, then the in-house Satria Neo.

Proton Synchrotron (CERN)

The Proton Synchrotron (PS) is a 628-meter-circumference synchrotron at CERN, its oldest operating machine, that first accelerated protons in 1959 and today feeds the Large Hadron Collider.

Proton synchrotron emission in relativistic jets

Proton synchrotron emission is synchrotron radiation from protons rather than electrons, proposed as a hadronic source of gamma rays in relativistic jets, though it demands protons of at least 10^19 eV.

Proton therapy

Proton therapy, also called proton beam therapy, is external radiation treatment using accelerated protons instead of X-rays, concentrating dose in the tumor with little exit dose.

Proton transport through graphene

Proton transport through graphene is the passage of hydrogen ions through one-atom-thick graphene, discovered in 2014. It underlies proposals for fuel-cell membranes and hydrogen isotope separation.

Proton Wira

The Proton Wira, known as the Proton Persona in the United Kingdom, is a Malaysian compact sedan and hatchback based on the Mitsubishi Lancer, produced from 1993 to 2009 with over 950,000 units sold.

Proton-boron fusion

Proton-boron fusion, or hydrogen-boron (HB11) fusion, fuses a proton with boron-11 into three alpha particles with no neutrons, but requires ignition temperatures near 200 keV.

Proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells

Proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (PCECs), also called protonic ceramic electrolysis cells or P-SOECs, are electrochemical devices that split steam into pure hydrogen at intermediate temperatures of roughly 400–700 °C.

Proton-coupled electron transfer

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron and a proton transfer together or in linked steps, first named in 1981 by Thomas J. Meyer's group.

Proton-coupled electron transfer catalysis

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) catalysis uses reactions that exchange an electron and a proton together, often in one concerted step, to generate radicals under mild conditions.

Proton-coupled electron transfer in CO2 electrocatalysis

Proton-coupled electron transfer in CO2 electrocatalysis is the coupled movement of electrons and protons that converts carbon dioxide into reduced products, by sequential or concerted steps that set pH dependence and selectivity.

Proton-coupled electron transfer in organic synthesis

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in organic synthesis is the use of redox steps that exchange an electron and proton together to cleave bonds and generate radicals under mild conditions.

Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter family

Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT) family, also called PTR or, in plants, NPF/NRT1/PTR: MFS proton-coupled transporters of di- and tripeptides and peptide drugs; mammalian members are SLC15 (PepT1, PepT2, PHT1, PHT2); absent from archaea.

Sep 29, 2026

Proton-detected local field spectroscopy

Proton-detected local field (PDLF) spectroscopy is a solid-state NMR method measuring proton heteronuclear dipolar couplings, such as ¹H–¹³C, to determine molecular orientation and dynamics in ordered materials like liquid crystals.

Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration

Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration is an accelerator technique in which proton bunches drive wakefields that accelerate electrons, developed at CERN by the AWAKE experiment, which first demonstrated it in 2018.

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

A proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity through a thin polymer membrane, powering most small stationary fuel cells by count.

Proton-K

The Proton-K (Протон-К, GRAU 8K82K) was a Soviet, later Russian, heavy-lift carrier rocket built by Khrunichev, flown from 1967 into the 2000s and now retired.

Proton-M (Протон-М)

Proton-M, also known as Протон-М, is an expendable Russian heavy-lift launch vehicle, first flown in 2001 from Baikonur and built by the Khrunichev Space Center.

Proton-pump inhibitor

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), including omeprazole and esomeprazole, are drugs that irreversibly block the gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, and H. pylori infection, with known long-term risks.

Sep 29, 2026

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes trace volatile organic compounds directly in air using hydronium ions, introduced in 1995 and used in breath analysis and atmospheric monitoring.

Proton–proton chain

The proton–proton chain, or pp chain, is a nuclear fusion process that produces about 99 percent of the Sun's energy by converting four protons into helium-4.

Protonema

Protonema (plural protonemata): the filamentous or thalloid first stage growing from a germinating bryophyte spore, with green chloronema and brown caulonema filaments, from which the leafy moss gametophore later buds.

Protonic synaptic transistor

A protonic synaptic transistor is a three-terminal device in which protons migrating through an electrolyte gate a semiconductor channel, mimicking synaptic functions like long-term potentiation.

Protonilus Mensae

Protonilus Mensae is a fretted-terrain region on Mars along the highland-lowland dichotomy boundary, centered near 43.9°N, 49.4°E, 1,050 km across, known for ice-rich lobate debris aprons and glacier-like forms recording multiple Amazonian glaciations.

Sep 29, 2026

Protonolysis

Protonolysis is the cleavage of a chemical bond by a proton donor, typically acid breaking a polar metal–carbon bond; in palladium chemistry it is called protodepalladation.

PROTOP trial

PROTOP (NCT03574090) is a completed phase 4, triple-blind randomized Spanish trial by Universitat Internacional de Catalunya testing topical amoxicillin-clavulanic acid wound irrigation versus saline to prevent incisional surgical site infection in colorectal surgery; distinct from the tacrolimus ointment PROTOPIC.