All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Public image of Vladimir Putin
Public image of Vladimir Putin: the Kremlin-crafted strongman and macho persona of Russia's president, its media machinery, high domestic approval (over 80% Levada, later falling to about 67% VTsIOM), and low foreign standing (12% US confidence, 22% regional approval).
Public inquiry
A public inquiry, also known as a tribunal of inquiry, is an investigation a government minister establishes into events of major public concern or controversial policy.
Public interest litigation in India
Public interest litigation in India, or PIL, is constitutional litigation where any public-spirited person may sue on behalf of those unable to reach the courts, without showing personal injury.
Public intoxication
Public intoxication: an offense covering intoxication in a public place, also called public drunkenness or drunk and disorderly. Varies from criminal misdemeanor in Texas and Pennsylvania to abolition under the Uniform Alcoholism Act and health-led reform in Victoria, Australia.
Public Investment Fund (صندوق الاستثمارات العامة)
The Public Investment Fund (صندوق الاستثمارات العامة, PIF) is Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund, established in 1971 and chaired by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
Public Ivy
Public Ivy: informal label for U.S. public universities deemed Ivy League-equivalent, coined by Richard Moll in his 1985 book The Public Ivys (eight schools, led by UC and William & Mary) and expanded to 30 universities by the Greenes' 2001 guide.
Public key certificate
A public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or SSL certificate, is signed data binding a public key to an entity, the core of PKI.
Public key infrastructure
Public key infrastructure (PKI) is the set of hardware, software, policies, and procedures for creating and managing digital certificates that bind public keys to identities.
Public Knowledge (organization)
Public Knowledge is an American nonprofit advocacy organization in Washington, D.C., founded in 2001, working on copyright, telecommunications, and internet law, known for defeating SOPA and PIPA in 2012.
Public Land Survey System
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the U.S. rectangular township-range-section land grid created by the Land Ordinance of 1785 and maintained by the BLM for legal land descriptions.
Public law
Public law is the branch of law governing the state and its relations with individuals, covering constitutional, administrative, and criminal law. Rooted in Ulpian's Roman definition, it is an organizing principle in civil law systems but only implicit in common law.
Public library
Public library: a community-maintained institution offering free, equal access to collections and services, funded by public taxes. Covers its 19th-century origins, the Carnegie building program, modern services, digital lending disputes, and measured economic and social impact.
Public library building
A public library building is a purpose-designed or adapted civic building housing a library open free to the public, a type spread by Andrew Carnegie's funding of 2,506 libraries and now guided by the IFLA-UNESCO Manifesto.
Public limited company
A public limited company (PLC) is a British company permitted to offer shares to the public under the Companies Act 2006, whether or not listed.
Public Morals (2015 TV series)
Public Morals is a 2015 American period police drama created by Edward Burns for TNT, set in early 1960s New York City, canceled after one season.
Public nuisance
Public nuisance is a common-law doctrine, both crime and tort, covering unreasonable interference with a right shared by the general public, from medieval English origins to modern US opioid and climate litigation.
Public opinion
Public opinion: the aggregation of individual views on an issue at a given time, also called expressed citizen views. Measured by surveys since the 1935 Gallup Poll; shaped by wording, sampling, spiral of silence, and deliberative methods.
Public opinion on climate change
Public opinion on climate change, the measured beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy preferences gathered through repeated surveys, shows large majorities worldwide accept climate change and want stronger government action.
Public park
Public park: publicly owned, free-access urban green space for recreation and nature. Known as public gardens or pleasure grounds; Victorian-era origin, 27,000 parks in Britain, six quality types, documented access inequities.
Public participation
Public participation is citizen and stakeholder involvement in public decision making, defined by the OECD's three levels (information, consultation, engagement), Arnstein's 1969 ladder, ten-step design guidance, and the post-2000s deliberative wave.
Public Pension Capital
Public Pension Capital is a New York-based private equity firm founded by former KKR partners Perry Golkin and Mike Tokarz, managing a single lower middle market buyout fund.
Public perception of veterinarians
Public perception of veterinarians covers surveyed public attitudes toward the profession: Americans rank vets among the most trusted and honest professionals, yet most remain unaware of their challenges.
Public policy
Public policy: the making and implementation of government decisions and regulations that allocate benefits and costs. Covers the Lasswell-founded policy cycle, policy instruments, evidence use, and AI adoption in government.
Public policy of the United States
Public policy of the United States: federal, state, and local laws, regulations, executive orders, and spending decisions, shaped by federalism, the New Deal, the Great Society, and current fiscal and industrial policy.
Public Power Corporation
Public Power Corporation (ΔΕΗ, PPC) is Greece's largest electricity generation and supply company. Founded in 1950, it has 11.1 GW of capacity, serves about 5.6 million customers, and is phasing out lignite.
Public procurement
Public procurement is the purchase of goods, services, and works by governments and public bodies, worth about 12.7% of GDP across OECD countries in 2023.
Public Prosecution Service of Northern Ireland v. Liam Adams
PPS NI v. Liam Adams (R v Liam Dominic Adams [2015] NICA 24): prosecution of Gerry Adams' brother for raping and abusing his daughter Áine, 1977-1983; 2013 conviction on ten counts, 16-year sentence, appeal dismissed 2015.
Public Provident Fund (India)
The Public Provident Fund (PPF) is an Indian government small-savings scheme in which residents deposit up to Rs 150,000 (Rs 1.5 lakh) a year for 15 years, tax free.
Public relations
Public relations, also known as press relations or PR, is the strategic management of communication between an organization and its publics, spanning media relations, public affairs, and crisis management.
Public safety answering point
A public safety answering point (PSAP), also called an emergency communication center, receives 9-1-1 calls and dispatches help; about 6,000 operate across the United States, run by local and state governments.