All articles starting with R
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Russian Academy of Engineering
The Russian Academy of Engineering is a Russian public association of engineers and researchers, founded in 1991 as successor to the Engineering Academy of the USSR.
Russian Academy of Sciences (Российская академия наук)
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS, РАН), Russia's highest scientific institution, founded by Peter I on 8 February 1724, recreated in 1991, merged with the medical and agricultural academies and restructured under the 2013 reform that created FANO.
Russian Aerospace Forces
The Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS, Russian: Воздушно-космические силы) are the air and space branch of Russia's armed forces, formed in 2015 by merging the Air Force with the Aerospace Defense Forces.
Russian Air Force
Russian Air Force (Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily, VVS; now part of the VKS), Russia's military aviation branch. Known for post-Soviet decline, Syria operations since 2015, and failure to establish air superiority over Ukraine after 2022 despite numerical advantage.
Russian Airborne Forces
Russian Airborne Forces (VDV, Vozdushno-desantnye voyska) are Russia's separate airborne branch, about 45,000 strong, the world's largest and fully mechanized airborne force, founded 1930, fought from Afghanistan to the 2022 Antonov Airport assault.
Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov
The Admiral Kuznetsov is the sole aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy, the largest warship built in a Soviet shipyard, first used in combat off Syria in 2016, and out of service since 2017.
Russian alphabet (Русский алфавит)
Russian alphabet (Русский алфавит): the 33-letter Cyrillic-based alphabet of the Russian language, 20 consonant and 10 vowel letters plus ъ and ь, shaped by Peter I's 1710 civil type and the 1917–1918 reform.
Russian Americans
Russian Americans are U.S. residents of Russian ancestry or immigration from Russia and its predecessors, counted through ACS ancestry data; shaped by four immigration waves from the 1880s onward and concentrated in New York, California, Florida, and New Jersey.
Russian and Soviet theatre tradition
The Russian and Soviet theater tradition is a director-led lineage of theatrical practice running from 18th-century imperial court theaters to today's state-subsidized Russian theaters, shaped by ongoing state control.
Russian and Turkish influence in the Sahel
Russian and Turkish influence in the Sahel is the engagement of Russia and Turkey in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, which accelerated after coups from 2020 to 2023.
Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
Russia's September–October 2022 declared annexation of the Ukrainian oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia after staged 23–27 September referendums; unrecognized internationally, vetoed at the Security Council, condemned by UN General Assembly resolution ES-11/4 (143–5).
Russian annexation of the Khanate of Kokand
The Russian annexation of the Khanate of Kokand was Tsar Alexander II's 1876 abolition of the khanate in the Ferghana valley, reorganized as Fergana Province in Russian Turkistan.
Russian annexation of the Principality of Mingrelia
The Russian annexation of the Principality of Mingrelia (Samegrelo) ended the autonomy of the western Georgian principality ruled by the House of Dadiani, from 1857 to 1867.
Russian Arctic islands
Russian Arctic islands: Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, and Wrangel Island, Arctic Ocean archipelagos totaling over 180,000 km², largely glaciated, depopulated, militarized, and partly protected as national park and UNESCO reserve.
Russian Ark (Русский ковчег)
Russian Ark (Русский ковчег), 2002 Alexander Sokurov film shot in one continuous 90-minute Steadicam take through 33 Hermitage rooms, first feature-length single-take narrative film, HD digital, Marquis de Custine guide.
Russian Armed Forces
The Russian Armed Forces, or Armed Forces of Russia, is Russia's state military organization. It was formed in 1992 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Russian Art Nouveau
Russian Art Nouveau, known in Russia as modern, is a national variant of the Art Nouveau style that flourished in the Russian Empire from the early 1890s to the mid-1910s.
Russian Association of Proletarian Writers
The Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (РАПП, RAPP) was a Soviet literary organization that claimed leadership of proletarian fiction until the Communist Party dissolved it in April 1932.
Russian Baroque
Russian Baroque (русское барокко) is the European style adopted in Russian literature and architecture from roughly 1650 to 1750, chiefly through Polish and Ukrainian mediation.
Russian Baroque literature
Russian Baroque literature is writing produced in Russia from the mid-17th to the early 18th century; it arrived from Ukraine and Belarus, and Simeon Polotsky founded its syllabic verse.
Russian battlecruiser Pyotr Velikiy (Пётр Великий)
Pyotr Velikiy (Пётр Великий), laid down as Yuriy Andropov, is the last of four Russian nuclear-powered Kirov-class heavy missile cruisers and flagship of the Northern Fleet since 1998 or 1999.
Russian battleship Potemkin
The Russian battleship Potemkin, formally Knyaz Potyomkin Tavricheskiy, was a battleship of the Imperial Russian Black Sea Fleet known for its crew's mutiny in June 1905.
Russian Blue
Russian Blue (РУССКАЯ ГОЛУБАЯ КОШКА), also Archangel Cat, a natural short-haired cat breed with a silver-tipped blue double coat and green eyes; from Arkhangelsk, shown in Britain from the 1860s, CFA-registered since 1949 with no outcross.
Russian Booker Prize
The Russian Booker Prize (Русский Букер) was an annual literary prize for the best novel written in Russian, first awarded in 1992 and last in 2017.
Russian Circles
Russian Circles: Chicago instrumental post-rock/post-metal trio (Mike Sullivan, Dave Turncrantz, Brian Cook), formed 2004. Nine albums from Enter (2006) to Nine (2026) on Sargent House; known for layered guitar loops and Kurt Ballou-produced heaviness.
Russian Civil War (Гражданская война в России)
Russian Civil War (Гражданская война в России), 1917–1922: armed struggle for the former Russian Empire between the Bolshevik Red Army and White, Ukrainian, anarchist, and warlord forces, ending in Bolshevik victory and Soviet consolidation.
Russian classicism
Russian classicism (русский классицизм) was the literary movement that organized Russian literature from the 1730s to the early nineteenth century, adapting European classicist aesthetics to a modernizing imperial state.
Russian Community (Русская община)
Русская община (Russian Community) is an ultranationalist, Orthodox-aligned movement founded in Russia in late 2020; the country's largest nationalist organization, it raids migrants and LGBT people in coordination with police and the FSB.
Russian conquest of Astrakhan
The Russian conquest of Astrakhan was Tsar Ivan IV's two-stage takeover, in 1554 and 1556, of the Muslim Tatar Astrakhan Khanate near the Volga delta, which has remained Russian since.
Russian conquest of Siberia
Russian conquest of Siberia: Muscovy's 16th–18th century eastward expansion, beginning with Yermak's 1581–1585 campaign against the Khanate of Sibir and Kuchum Khan, driven by the fur trade, reaching the Pacific and Alaska, and debated as colonization versus colonialism.