All articles starting with R
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Russian conquest of Turkestan
The Russian conquest of Turkestan (Завоевание Средней Азии) was the Russian Empire's campaign that overran the khanates of Kokand, Bukhara, and Khiva, taking Tashkent in 1865.
Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917
The Russian Constituent Assembly election of November 1917 elected a body to draft a constitution; the SRs won, and the Bolsheviks dissolved the Assembly in January 1918.
Russian criminal tattoos
Russian criminal tattoos are the codified prison tattoos of the Soviet and Russian systems, recording crimes, rank, and status in the vorovskoy mir; unearned marks were forcibly removed, documented by Baldaev and Bronnikov.
Russian cruiser Aurora
Aurora (Аврора), or Cruiser Aurora, is a protected cruiser of the Imperial Russian Navy preserved as a museum ship in Saint Petersburg, famed for her role in the 1917 October Revolution.
Russian cruiser Moskva
The Russian cruiser Moskva, a Slava class guided missile cruiser, served as the Black Sea Fleet flagship until it was sunk by Ukrainian missiles in April 2022.
Russian cuisine
Russian cuisine (русская кухня): the culinary tradition of the Russian people, defined by grain dishes, soups such as shchi and borscht, fermented foods, and Russian-stove cooking, now a growing restaurant sector with 62% local-ingredient menus in 2024.
Russian cursive
Russian cursive (рукописный шрифт) is the fully connected handwritten Cyrillic script taught in Russian schools and used by default in handwriting. It diverges sharply from print (cursive т looks like m, и like u, д like g) and developed from 17th-18th century скоропись chancery script.
Russian dialects
Russian dialects are the regional varieties of Russian spoken in the European Russian heartland, classified by the Moscow Dialectological Commission in 1915 into three main dialects.
Russian diaspora
Russian diaspora: Russians and Russian speakers abroad, spanning pre-1917, White, postwar, Soviet, and post-2022 emigration waves plus the post-Soviet near-abroad population, with wave sizes, destinations, and identity shifts.
Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF)
The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) is Russia's state-owned sovereign co-investment fund, created in 2011 to attract foreign capital, led by Kirill Dmitriev, and under US, EU, and UK sanctions since 2022.
Russian Doll (TV series)
Russian Doll is a Netflix comedy-drama (2019-2022, 2 seasons, 15 episodes) created by Natasha Lyonne, Amy Poehler, and Leslye Headland, in which Nadia Vulvokov repeatedly dies on her 36th birthday in a time loop; season 2 shifts to time travel and intergenerational trauma.
Russian dressing
Russian dressing is an American mayonnaise-ketchup condiment with horseradish, Worcestershire, and paprika; spicier and less sweet than Thousand Island, credited to Nashua, New Hampshire grocer James E. Colburn, and classic on the Reuben sandwich.
Russian Empire (Российская империя)
The Russian Empire (Российская империя), 1721–1917, was the Romanov multiethnic state expanding from Muscovy to Alaska; key facts include the 1861 serf emancipation, the 1897 first census, and collapse in the 1917 revolutions.
Russian Factory Inspectorate
The Russian Factory Inspectorate (Фабричная инспекция) was the organ of the Russian Empire that enforced factory legislation. Created in 1882 under the Ministry of Finance, it was dissolved after the October Revolution.
Russian famine of 1921–1922
The Russian famine of 1921–1922 (Голод 1921–1922 годов) swept Soviet Russia from the Volga to Ukraine, killing about five million people, worsened by forced grain requisitioning.
Russian Far East (Дальний Восток России)
Russian Far East (Дальний Восток России), the Pacific-facing macroregion and Far Eastern Federal District of Russia: 6.2 million km², about 7.9 million people, long-term population decline, resource exports, and federal development programs.
Russian Fascist Party (Российская фашистская партия)
Russian Fascist Party (Русская фашистская партия), later All-Russian Fascist Party and Russian Fascist Union: White émigré fascist party founded 1931 in Harbin, Manchuria, led by Konstantin Rodzaevsky, anti-Soviet and anti-Semitic, Japanese-sponsored, banned 1943.
Russian federation
Russian federation (Russian Olympic Committee, ROC): Russia's national Olympic body, IOC-recognized in 1993; 553 Olympic medals, hosted Moscow 1980 and Sochi 2014; suspended by IOC in 2023, provisionally reinstated July 2026.
Russian Figure Skating Championships
Russian Figure Skating Championships, annual national title event of Russia (from 1924 the USSR championship), held in men's and women's singles, pairs, and ice dance; 2026 edition ran 17–22 December 2025 at Yubileiny, Saint Petersburg.
Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects
The Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects, officially the Foundation for Advanced Research, is a Russian state agency funding high-risk defense research, created in 2012 as Russia's DARPA counterpart.
Russian frigate Admiral Makarov
Admiral Makarov (Адмирал Макаров) is a Project 11356R guided-missile frigate of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, commissioned in 2017, known for Kalibr cruise missiles and repeated Ukrainian attacks on her.
Russian Futurism
Russian Futurism (русский футуризм) was an avant-garde movement of poets, painters, and theorists in the Russian Empire and early Soviet Russia, active from about 1908 to the early 1920s.
Russian grammar
Russian grammar: the rule system of Russian and its codification tradition, from Lomonosov's «Российская грамматика» (1755, printed 1757), the first Russian-language scientific grammar, through the 1980 Shvedova academic grammar to corpus-based description.
Russian Grand Prix
Russian Grand Prix: Formula One race first run 1913–1914 in Saint Petersburg, revived 2014–2021 at the Sochi Autodrom (5.848 km Olympic Park street circuit); all eight modern editions won by Mercedes; cancelled in 2022 after the invasion of Ukraine.
Russian Ground Forces
Russian Ground Forces (Сухопутные войска), land arm of the Russian Armed Forces: reformed after the 2008 Georgia war into brigades, expanded since 2022, and heavily attrited in Ukraine with roughly 1.2 million estimated casualties.
Russian Helicopters (Вертолёты России)
Russian Helicopters (Вертолёты России), also JSC Russian Helicopters, is a Russian helicopter manufacturer founded in 2007 and headquartered in Moscow, part of Rostec; it makes the Mi-8/17 and Mi-26T.
Russian hexameter
The Russian hexameter is an unrhymed, stress-based verse form imitating the six-foot dactylic meter of Homer and Virgil, used for ancient epic since the 1750s.
Russian hybrid warfare
Russian hybrid warfare: Western label for Russia's combined political, economic, informational, cyber, and limited military tools, from the 2014 Crimea annexation to post-2022 sabotage in Europe; also called non-linear or new generation warfare.
Russian Hydrographic Service
The Hydrographic Service of the Russian Navy is the state body for nautical charting and hydrographic surveying, administered by the Ministry of Defense's Navigation and Oceanography Department.
Russian Imperial Guard
The Russian Imperial Guard (Гвардия) was the elite, privileged corps of the Russian Imperial Army, created by Peter the Great from his toy regiments and abolished in 1918.