All articles starting with R
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Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) athletes at Tokyo 2020: neutral Russian delegation under CAS doping sanctions, 335 athletes, 71 medals (20 gold), fifth by golds, Tchaikovsky anthem substitute.
Russian Orbital Segment
The Russian Orbital Segment, also called the Russian Segment, is the portion of the International Space Station operated by Russia's Roscosmos, begun with the Zarya module in 1998.
Russian Orthodox Church (Русская православная церковь)
The Russian Orthodox Church (Русская православная церковь), also called the Moscow Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church led by Patriarch Kirill, with about 100 million members.
Russian Orthodox Church in the Revolution
The Russian Orthodox Church in the Revolution (Русская православная церковь) is the church body from 1917 to 1922, which restored the patriarchate under Patriarch Tikhon.
Russian Orthodox Church under the Synod
The Russian Orthodox Church under the Synod was governed from 1721 to 1917 by the Most Holy Governing Synod, created by Peter I in place of the patriarchate.
Russian Orthodox cross
The Russian Orthodox cross, also called the three-barred cross, is an eight-pointed Christian cross with three crossbars: a title board, an arm bar, and a slanted footrest.
Russian orthography (Русская орфография)
Russian orthography (Русская орфография), the codified spelling system of Russian, governed by the 1956 Rules, the RAS Orthographic Commission under Shmelev, and the Akademos dictionary of 200,000+ units.
Russian Paralympic Committee (Паралимпийский комитет России)
The Russian Paralympic Committee (Паралимпийский комитет России) is the National Paralympic Committee for Russia, holding the exclusive right to enter Russian athletes in the Paralympic Games.
Russian passport
The Russian passport exists in two forms: an internal booklet, the citizen's main identity document since Soviet times, and a separate international passport used for travel abroad.
Russian phonology
Russian phonology: the sound system of Russian, with six stressed vowels /i ɨ e a o u/, stress-driven vowel reduction, a hard/soft consonant contrast from jer loss, and a long role in phonological theory from Jakobson to Halle.
Russian political jokes
Russian political jokes, also called Soviet jokes or anekdoty, are humorous oral narratives satirizing Soviet rulers and everyday life; under Stalin roughly 200,000 people were imprisoned for telling them.
Russian postmodernism
Russian postmodernism (русский постмодернизм) is a literary trend that used irony and parody against Soviet ideology, especially Socialist Realism, with writers like Pelevin and Sorokin.
Russian Premier League (Российская премьер-лига)
Russian Premier League (Российская премьер-лига, РПЛ), Russia's top football division, organized since 27 August 2001 by a club partnership under RFU-delegated rights; ~119 billion rubles combined club budgets, UEFA-suspended since 2022.
Russian presidential aircraft
The Russian presidential aircraft, also known as the Putin plane, center on the Ilyushin Il-96-300PU, a protected command aircraft nicknamed the "Flying Kremlin" that has served Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev.
Russian Prize
The Russian Prize (Russkaya premiya) is a literary prize for authors writing in Russian who permanently live outside Russia, awarded annually from 2006 to 2017 and revived in 2024.
Russian Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government (Временное правительство): supreme executive-legislative authority of Russia, 2 March to 25 October (old/new style) 1917, formed by the Duma Committee and Petrograd Soviet under Prince Lvov, later Kerensky, and overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October.
Russian Railways (Российские железные дороги)
Russian Railways (Российские железные дороги, RZD) is Russia's state-owned railway company, created in 2003; it owns the national network and runs freight and passenger trains.
Russian Realism
Russian Realism is the dominant literary movement of nineteenth-century Russia, dated from the mid-1840s to the 1880s, which sought to represent social life truthfully in novels by Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov.
Russian Republic (Российская республика)
The Russian Republic, known in Russian as Российская республика, was the Russian state proclaimed by the Provisional Government in September 1917, headed by Alexander Kerensky, and overthrown in the October Revolution.
Russian Revival architecture
Russian Revival architecture, also known as the Russian style, is a historicist style in the Russian Empire that reinterpreted pre-Petrine Russian and folk wooden architecture.
Russian Revolution (Русская революция)
Russian Revolution (Русская революция): the two 1917 upheavals, the February Revolution that overthrew Tsar Nicholas II and the October Bolshevik seizure of power under Lenin and Trotsky, plus the ensuing civil war and historiography.
Russian Revolution of 1905 (Революция 1905 года)
The Russian Revolution of 1905 (Революция 1905 года), the First Russian Revolution, began with Bloody Sunday in January 1905, produced the October Manifesto and the first soviets, and ended with the June 1907 coup.
Russian Romanticism
Russian Romanticism (Русский романтизм) was a literary movement in Russian poetry and prose from the early 1800s to the early 1840s, led by Pushkin and Lermontov.
Russian roulette
Russian roulette is a lethal game of chance: one cartridge is spun in a revolver cylinder, usually six chambers, and the player pulls the trigger at their own head. First named in Georges Surdez's 1937 story; the claimed 1917 Russian army origin is unproven.
Russian ruble
The Russian ruble (Российский рубль) is the currency of Russia, floated since 2014, with its official rate set from OTC bank reports since June 2024.
Russian rural locality types
Russian rural locality types are labels for rural settlements such as selo, derevnya, and khutor, historically distinguished by whether a village had an Orthodox church.
Russian sabotage operations in Europe
Russian sabotage operations in Europe: GRU-directed covert campaign of arson, rail sabotage, undersea cable attacks, and drone incursions since the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, exceeding 210 tracked incidents.
Russian sentimentalism
Russian sentimentalism (Сентиментализм) was a literary movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that made feeling the center of Russian writing, identified with Karamzin and his tale Poor Liza.
Russian separatist forces in Ukraine
Russian separatist forces in Ukraine were the armed formations of the self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, formed April 2014, Russian-backed, organized into 1st and 2nd Army Corps, ended by the 2022 annexations.
Russian shadow fleet
The Russian shadow fleet is a group of oil tankers that carries Russian crude outside Western sanctions, circumventing the G7 price cap imposed after 2022.