All articles starting with S

Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance

Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) is an electrical measurement technique in which a radio-frequency current drives ferromagnetic resonance, yielding a DC voltage that quantifies spin-orbit torques.

Spin-torque oscillator

A spin-torque oscillator (STO) is a nanoscale device that generates microwave signals, used in hard disk drive write heads to lower the field needed to record data.

Spin-triplet supercurrent

A spin-triplet supercurrent is a dissipationless Josephson current carried by Cooper pairs whose electrons have parallel spins, letting superconducting current pass through ferromagnets and forming the basis of superconducting spintronics.

Spin-valley locking

Spin-valley locking is the coupling between an electron's spin and its valley index in materials with strong spin-orbit coupling, first realized in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers.

Spin-wave majority gate

A spin-wave majority gate is a spintronic logic device whose output, set by spin-wave interference, returns the majority of input phases; first demonstrated experimentally in 2017 in a YIG waveguide.

Spin–lattice relaxation

Spin–lattice relaxation, also known as T1 relaxation, is the process by which excited nuclear or electron spins release energy to their surroundings, measured by the time constant T1.

Spin–momentum locking of light in nanophotonic waveguides

Spin–momentum locking of light in nanophotonic waveguides is the one-to-one relationship between a guided mode's transverse spin and its propagation direction, enabling chiral light–matter coupling and unidirectional photon routing.

Spin–orbit coupling in Bose gases

Spin–orbit coupling in Bose gases is a synthetic coupling, engineered with Raman lasers, that links ultracold atoms' spin to their momentum; first realized in 2011, it enables a supersolid stripe phase.

Spin–orbit interaction

The spin–orbit interaction, also called spin–orbit coupling, is a relativistic coupling between a particle's spin and its orbital motion through an electric potential, producing the fine structure of atomic spectra.

Spin–orbit resonance

A spin–orbit resonance is a fixed ratio between a celestial body's rotation and its orbit; the Moon is synchronously locked 1:1, and Mercury is locked 3:2.

Spin–orbit torque switching of antiferromagnets

Spin–orbit torque switching of antiferromagnets is the use of current-induced spin–orbit torques to electrically flip a material's Néel vector, first shown in CuMnAs at room temperature in 2016.

Spin–orbit-coupled degenerate Fermi gases

A spin–orbit-coupled degenerate Fermi gas is an ultracold gas of fermionic atoms with laser-engineered spin–orbit coupling, studied for exotic phases including topological superfluids hosting Majorana fermions.

Spin–orbit-coupled quantum gas

A spin–orbit-coupled quantum gas is an ultracold atomic gas in which each atom's motion is linked to its spin state by synthetic spin–orbit coupling, created with Raman lasers and first realized at NIST in 2011.

Spin–orbit-torque switching of perpendicular magnets

Spin–orbit-torque (SOT) switching of perpendicular magnets is a technique in which an in-plane current generates a spin current that reverses out-of-plane magnetization, investigated for fast, high-endurance SOT-MRAM.

Spin–phonon coupling

Spin–phonon coupling is the interaction between a solid's magnetic excitations (magnons) and lattice vibrations (phonons). It underlies magnetostriction, magnetic relaxation, and hybridized magnon–phonon quasiparticles called magnon polarons.

Spin–photon interface

A spin–photon interface is a device that coherently links a stationary spin qubit, such as an electron spin, to a photonic qubit, enabling remote entanglement in quantum networks.

Spin–spin coupling

Spin–spin coupling, also known as J-coupling or scalar coupling, is the interaction between neighboring nuclear magnetic moments that splits NMR spectral lines; the coupling is transmitted through bonding electrons and reported in hertz.

Spin–statistics theorem

The spin–statistics theorem is a result of relativistic quantum field theory stating that integer-spin particles are bosons and half-integer-spin particles are fermions; it was first proved by Wolfgang Pauli in 1940.

Oct 20, 2026

Spina

Spina: Etruscan port city in the Po Delta near Comacchio, founded late 6th century BC, abandoned by the 3rd century BC; canal-grid town of about 6 ha with over 4,000 tombs and a Delphi treasury.

Spina bifida

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect in which the spine fails to close in early pregnancy. Types include occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele; folic acid prevents most cases, and fetal surgery improves outcomes.

Spinabenz

Spinabenz is Noah Williams (born 1998), a Jacksonville, Florida rapper and drill artist known for the 2021 viral diss track "Who I Smoke" with Yungeen Ace, Whoppa Wit Da Choppa, and FastMoney Goon, which sampled Vanessa Carlton's "A Thousand Miles" and passed 100 million streams.

Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), an Amaranthaceae leafy vegetable domesticated in ancient Persia, spread to 7th-century China and Moorish Spain; dioecious cool-season crop, ~26.7 Mt production, high oxalate, downy mildew breeding.

Spinacia

Spinacia (spinach genus) is a small Amaranthaceae genus, formerly Chenopodiaceae, published by Linnaeus in 1753, native from West and Central Asia to SW Siberia; type species Spinacia oleracea, cultivated spinach.

Spinal anaesthesia

Spinal anaesthesia: injection of local anaesthetic into subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid to numb the lower body. First performed by August Bier in 1898 with cocaine; commonest complications are postdural puncture headache and hypotension.

Spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome

Spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome, also called Cobb syndrome or SAMS 1-31, is a rare non-hereditary disorder with arteriovenous malformations of spinal cord, bone, muscle, and skin in the same metamere, treated by embolization, surgery, steroids, and trametinib.

Spinal cord

Spinal cord: the CNS cylinder of gray and white matter with 31 segments (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal), ascending sensory and descending motor tracts, reflex function, and regeneration failure after injury.

Spinal cord abscess

Spinal cord abscess: pus collection in or around the spinal cord, usually bacterial (staphylococcus) and often a complication of epidural abscess; rare, treated with surgery and IV antibiotics.

Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation, nidus type

Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation, nidus type (SCAVM, ORPHA:715284): a rare glomerular spinal AVM with an intervening vessel network between artery and vein. Presents younger, with hemorrhage; complete obliteration 27% versus 72% for fistulous type.

Spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI): damage to the spinal cord from trauma or disease, causing complete or incomplete loss of movement, sensation, and autonomic function below the injury level; about 15.4 million people affected globally in 2021.