All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Scalability
Scalability is a system's ability to maintain acceptable performance as workload or users grow, achieved through vertical scaling of one node or horizontal scaling across many.
Scalable Capital
Scalable Capital is a Munich-based digital investment platform founded in 2014 that operates an online broker, a robo-advised wealth management service, and a fully licensed bank.
Scalable Coherent Interface
The Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) is an interconnect standard, IEEE 1596-1992, providing computer-bus-like services over point-to-point links for multiprocessors, including distributed shared memory with optional cache coherence.
Scalable Link Interface
Scalable Link Interface, known as NVIDIA SLI, is a multi-GPU technology from NVIDIA that divides rendering across two or more GPUs, acquired with 3dfx in 2000 and relaunched in 2004.
Scalable Offensive Hand Grenade
A scalable offensive hand grenade is a hand-thrown blast weapon that kills or incapacitates by blast overpressure and concussion rather than by fragments, allowing use in the open.
Scalable oversight
Scalable oversight is an AI safety research problem concerning how to supervise AI systems that potentially outperform humans on most skills relevant to the task being supervised.
Scalable Vector Extension
The Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) is a SIMD instruction set extension to 64-bit Arm (AArch64), letting each processor choose its vector length from 128 to 2,048 bits.
Scalable Video Coding
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is a 2007 extension of H.264/AVC that encodes video into one bitstream extractable at different resolutions, frame rates, and quality levels.
ScaLAPACK
ScaLAPACK (Scalable Linear Algebra PACKage) is a library of high-performance linear algebra routines for parallel distributed-memory machines, solving linear systems, least squares, eigenvalue, and singular value problems, first released in 1995.
Scalar (mathematics)
A scalar is a quantity expressible by a single number, such as mass or temperature; in linear algebra, the elements of a field over which a vector space is built.
Scalar (physics)
A scalar, or scalar quantity, is a physics quantity fully described by a number and unit with no direction, such as mass, time, temperature, or energy, unlike a vector.
Scalar curvature
Scalar curvature, also called the Ricci scalar, is a single number at each point of a Riemannian manifold measuring its curvature, and it appears in general relativity.
Scalar field
A scalar field, also known as a scalar-valued function or scalar point function, assigns a single number, such as temperature, to every point in space, unlike a vector field, which assigns a direction.
Scalar field dark matter
Scalar field dark matter, also called fuzzy or wave dark matter, is a model in which dark matter is an ultralight spinless bosonic field rather than cold particles.
Scalar potential
A scalar potential is a scalar function of position whose negative gradient gives a vector field; in mechanics it is the potential energy of a conservative force.
Scalar triple product
The scalar triple product a·(b×c) is the dot product of one vector with the cross product of the other two, whose absolute value equals the parallelepiped's volume.
Scalar–tensor theory
A scalar–tensor theory of gravity extends general relativity by adding scalar fields that join the spacetime metric as mediators of gravity; the prototype is the 1961 Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory.
Scalar–tensor–vector gravity
Scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG), also known as MOdified Gravity (MOG), is a relativistic theory of gravitation proposed by John W. Moffat in 2005 as an alternative to dark matter.
Scalawag
Scalawag was a pejorative term for white Southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction governments after the Civil War; with freedmen and carpetbaggers, they controlled Southern states until 1877.
Scale
A scale is a structured system for assigning numbers or categories to properties: in statistics, four levels from nominal to ratio, and in metrology, ordered reference systems like the SI.
Scale (descriptive set theory)
In descriptive set theory, a scale, or scale property, is a structured family of norms on a pointset that selects canonical elements and uniformizes relations, first isolated by Yiannis Moschovakis.
Scale (map)
Map scale is the ratio between map distance and ground distance, stated as a representative fraction (1:24,000), verbal scale, or graphic bar; large scale means more detail, and projection distortion makes true scale vary across every map.
Scale (music)
Scale (music): an ordered series of pitches, from Latin scala (ladder), used to build melodies and harmony. Also gamme, Tonleiter. Key facts: 12-tone equal temperament, 100–400 cent steps worldwide, 5- and 7-note convergence, vocal-imprecision constraint.
Scale (zoology)
Scale (zoology): hard keratinized skin plates of reptiles, fish, and some mammals. Reptile scales are epidermal, with alpha and beta keratins; avian leg scales derive from feathers; crocodile face scales form mechanically.
Scale AI
Scale AI is an American data-labeling and AI-services company founded in 2016, supplying training data and model evaluations to AI labs, enterprises, and governments; Meta took a 49% stake in 2025.
Scale AI Meta investment
Meta's $14.3 billion purchase of a 49% non-voting stake in the data-labeling company Scale AI, announced in June 2025 at a valuation over $29 billion.
Scale armour
Scale armor, also called scale mail, is armor of small overlapping scales laced to a fabric or leather backing, used from about 1700 B.C. to the seventeenth century.
Scale calibration
Scale calibration is a metrology procedure in which test loads are applied to a weighing instrument to determine its error of indication and evaluate measurement uncertainty.
Scale Computing
Scale Computing, legally Scale Computing Holdings, LLC, is an Austin, Texas-based edge computing and hyperconverged infrastructure software company formed in 2025 when Acumera acquired the original Scale Computing and took its name.
Scale factor (cosmology)
The cosmic scale factor, a(t), is the quantity in cosmology that describes how physical distances between comoving objects grow as the universe expands with cosmic time.