All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) is a clinician-rated interview scale measuring negative symptoms like blunted affect, poverty of speech, and loss of motivation in schizophrenia.
Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms
The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) is a clinician-rated interview measuring positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, published by Nancy Andreasen at the University of Iowa in 1984.
Scale height
Scale height is the vertical distance over which atmospheric pressure or density falls by a factor of e, about 8.4 km on Earth and 5 to 20 km on most planets.
Scale insect
Scale insects (Coccoidea, Coccomorpha) are sedentary sap-sucking hemipterans with waxy covers; nearly 8,000 species, major pests of tea and citrus, and sources of cochineal dye and shellac.
Scale invariance
Scale invariance, also called scaling invariance, is a symmetry of a physical system under a uniform rescaling of lengths, appearing at critical points of continuous phase transitions.
Scale model
Scale model: a physical replica built to a fixed ratio such as 1:72 or 1:35 of a real object. Used in engineering similitude testing, architecture, and the plastic kit hobby begun by Frog's 1930s Penguin.
Scale model aircraft competition (F4 classes)
Scale model aircraft competition in the FAI F4 classes judges flying replicas of full-size aircraft on both static accuracy and realistic flight, with world championships since 1970.
Scale of temperature
A scale of temperature, also called a temperature scale, is an agreed system for assigning numerical values to temperature, including the Celsius, Fahrenheit, and absolute (kelvin) scales used today.
Scale space
Scale space is a computer vision framework representing an image as a family of progressively Gaussian-smoothed versions, proposed by Andrew Witkin in 1983 and Jan Koenderink in 1984.
Scale-free network
A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, giving a few highly connected hubs, robustness to random failure, and fragility to hub attacks.
Scale-invariant feature transform
The scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) is a computer vision algorithm that detects local image keypoints and describes them so they can be matched across changes of scale, rotation, and lighting.
SCALE-UP (pedagogy)
SCALE-UP is a classroom instructional model developed by Robert Beichner at NC State in 1997, replacing lecture with collaborative group problem solving at round tables and cutting failure rates by about 50%.
Scalebound
Scalebound (スケイルバウンド) was a cancelled PlatinumGames action RPG directed by Hideki Kamiya, announced at E3 2014 as an Xbox One/Windows 10 exclusive starring Drew and his dragon Thuban; Microsoft cancelled it on January 9, 2017.
Scaled agile framework
The Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a body of knowledge for applying Lean, Agile, and DevOps in large organizations. Dean Leffingwell created it, with the first version released in 2011.
Scaled boundary finite element method
The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a semi-analytical numerical method that solves partial differential equations by discretizing only a domain's boundary, reducing the problem dimension by one.
Scaled Composites
Scaled Composites is an aerospace company in Mojave, California, founded by Burt Rutan in 1982, known for SpaceShipOne, winner of the 2004 Ansari X Prize.
Scaled Composites Stratolaunch
The Scaled Composites Stratolaunch, nicknamed Roc, is a twin-fuselage carrier aircraft with a record 385-foot wingspan, first flown in 2019 and now used to launch the Talon-A hypersonic vehicle.
Scaled Composites White Knight
The Scaled Composites White Knight, also known as White Knight One, is a jet-powered carrier aircraft built to launch SpaceShipOne, winning the 2004 Ansari X Prize.
ScaleFactor
ScaleFactor, Inc. was an Austin, Texas company selling automated accounting, bookkeeping, and payroll services to small businesses, founded in 2014 and suspended in June 2020.
Scalene muscles
Scalene muscles (scalenus anterior, medius, posterior): three paired lateral neck muscles from cervical vertebrae to ribs 1-2; flex the neck, elevate ribs as accessory respiratory muscles, and bound the interscalene triangle carrying the brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
ScaleWith
ScaleWith, formerly GiveWith, is an Allen, Texas-based SaaS company founded by Paul Polizzotto that embeds social impact funding for climate and DE&I causes into B2B and B2G sales and procurement transactions.
Scaliger (lunar crater)
Scaliger is an ~87 km complex lunar impact crater with a central peak at 27.1°S, 108.9°E, on the rims of the pre-Nectarian Milne and Australe North basins, studied for early crust and magmatism.
Scaliger Tombs
The Scaliger Tombs (Arche Scaligere) are Gothic funerary monuments in Verona holding the tombs of the Della Scala family, lords of the city in the 13th and 14th centuries.
Scaliger War
The Scaliger War (1336–1339), also called the Veneto-Scaligera War, pitted Mastino II and Alberto II della Scala of Verona against a Venice-Florence-led coalition; the January 1339 peace stripped Verona of its conquests, leaving only Verona and Vicenza.
Scaling (geometry)
Scaling, also known as dilation or homothety, is a geometric transformation that multiplies distances from a fixed center by a scale factor, enlarging or shrinking figures.
Scaling function (wavelets)
A scaling function in wavelet theory is a function whose dilated and translated copies generate the nested approximation spaces of a multiresolution analysis, acting as a low-resolution averaging kernel.
Scaling hypothesis
The scaling hypothesis holds that near a continuous phase transition the singular free energy is homogeneous in temperature and field, yielding power laws and scaling relations among critical exponents.
Scaling laws for diffusion models
Scaling laws for diffusion models are empirical power-law relationships predicting how diffusion model loss and generation quality improve with model size, dataset size, and compute.
Scaling laws for downstream and emergent capabilities
Scaling laws for downstream and emergent capabilities extend loss-based neural scaling laws to predict when language model benchmark accuracy rises, and whether apparent emergent jumps are real or measurement artifacts.
Scaling laws for downstream task performance
Scaling laws for downstream task performance are empirical relationships that predict a language model's task metrics, like translation accuracy, from pretraining data size, model parameters, or compute.