All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Specific volume
Specific volume is an intensive thermodynamic property defined as the volume of a system divided by its mass, the reciprocal of mass density, and is tabulated in steam and refrigerant tables in m³/kg.
Specific yield
Specific yield is the ratio of water a saturated rock or soil releases by gravity drainage to its total volume, fundamental for modeling unconfined aquifers.
Specifically androgen-regulated gene protein
SARG (C1orf116), specifically androgen-regulated gene protein, is a 601-aa human cytoplasmic protein, putative androgen-specific receptor, upregulated by androgens not glucocorticoids via an intron-1 sARE, highly expressed in prostate, function unknown.
Specification (technical standard)
A specification, also called a technical specification, is a document prescribing requirements a product, process, or service must fulfill; it may be a standard, part of one, or standalone.
Specification test (econometrics)
A specification test is a statistical hypothesis test checking whether an econometric model's functional form, moment conditions, and distributional assumptions are consistent with the observed data.
Specim IQ
Specim IQ is a handheld hyperspectral camera made by Specim of Oulu, Finland, introduced in 2017 and covering 400–1000 nm, used in plant phenotyping, disease detection, and cultural heritage imaging.
Specimen Handling
Specimen handling covers collecting, preserving, transporting, and storing clinical specimens so they stay stable for accurate lab results; also called specimen collection, it spans the preanalytical phase where 60-70% of laboratory errors occur, governed by CLSI, ISO 15189, and CLIA rules.
Specimens of Bushman Folklore
Specimens of Bushman Folklore is a 1911 anthology of |xam and !kun oral literature recorded in the nineteenth century by Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd, published in London.
SPECint
SPECint is the integer-performance metric of the SPEC CPU benchmark suites from the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, summarizing how fast a computer completes compute-intensive integer tasks.
Specker sequence
A Specker sequence is a computable, monotonically increasing, bounded sequence of rational numbers whose limit is an uncomputable real, first given by Ernst Specker in 1949.
Speckle contrast imaging
Speckle contrast imaging, also known as LASCA or LSCI, is a label-free optical technique mapping blood flow in tissue from laser speckle blurring, first published in 1981.
Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) is a non-invasive diffuse optical technique that measures microvascular blood flow in deep tissue, combining deep-tissue sensitivity with inexpensive camera detectors, first reported in 2014.
Speckle filtering
Speckle filtering is an image processing step that reduces the granular, multiplicative noise in synthetic aperture radar imagery while preserving edges, point targets, and texture.
Speckle imaging
Speckle imaging is a family of optical techniques that recover useful information, such as diffraction-limited astronomical images and tissue blood flow, from a random laser speckle pattern.
Speckle interferometry
Speckle interferometry is an astronomical technique introduced by Antoine Labeyrie in 1970 that recovers diffraction-limited resolution from ground-based telescopes by analyzing thousands of very short exposures, and is widely used to measure binary stars.
Speckle pattern
A speckle pattern is a granular pattern of randomly bright light grains formed when coherent light scatters from a rough surface or through a scattering medium.
Speckle tracking echocardiography
Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE, 2D/3D strain imaging) tracks myocardial speckles on gray-scale ultrasound to measure strain; GLS is more sensitive and reproducible than ejection fraction, standardized by the EACVI/ASE task force.
Speckled wood (butterfly)
Speckled wood (Pararge aegeria), a brown Nymphalidae butterfly of European dappled woodland, wingspan 4.6–5.6 cm, honeydew-feeding, territorial males, Least Concern, expanding northward since the 1920s.
Specsavers
Specsavers is a Guernsey-headquartered optical retail and hearing care group founded by Doug and Mary Perkins in 1984, with more than 2,500 stores in 11 countries.
SPECT-PROTMA trial
SPECT-PROTMA (NCT05010733) is a single-center pilot randomized trial at Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, comparing periprosthetic bone metabolism and alignment of Exeter V40 versus Müller straight stem cemented hip prostheses with 99mTc-MDP SPECT-CT at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months in 16 patients.
SPECT/CT
SPECT/CT is a hybrid nuclear medicine imaging method combining SPECT functional radiotracer images with CT anatomical images for localization and attenuation correction, first commercialized in 1999.
Spectacle Entertainment
Spectacle Entertainment was a casino gaming company formed in 2018 by former Centaur Gaming executives to acquire the Majestic Star casino licenses in Gary, Indiana.
Spectacled bear
Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also called Andean bear or Jukumari: the only bear in South America and last living tremarctine, found in Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia, IUCN Vulnerable, karyotype 2n=52.
Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin (Trobicin) is an aminocyclitol antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis, isolated in 1960 and used as a single intramuscular 2 g dose to treat gonorrhea.
Spectral
Spectral (2016) is a military sci-fi action film directed by Nic Mathieu, starring James Badge Dale, about a Delta Force team fighting Bose-Einstein-condensate apparitions in Moldova; released as a Netflix exclusive on December 9, 2016.
Spectral acceleration
Spectral acceleration is an earthquake engineering measure of the maximum acceleration a damped oscillator with a given natural period experiences in ground motion, approximating what a building experiences.
Spectral action principle
The spectral action principle is a 1996 proposal in noncommutative geometry by Chamseddine and Connes that builds a space's action from the spectrum of its Dirac operator.
Spectral clustering
Spectral clustering is a graph-based clustering method that partitions data points using the eigenvectors of a Laplacian matrix built from a similarity graph, suited to non-convex clusters such as spirals.
Spectral collocation method
The spectral collocation method, also called the pseudospectral method, is a numerical technique for solving differential equations by representing the solution with global basis functions and enforcing the equation exactly at collocation points.
Spectral color
Spectral color: the color of monochromatic light, one wavelength of the visible spectrum. Newton's seven-color spectrum (originally five), Newton's color circle, and nonspectral colors like purple and magenta.