All articles starting with T

Transits of Mercury from Venus

Transits of Mercury from Venus occur when Mercury passes between the Sun and Venus, appearing as a small dark disk; the next is on 16 January 2028.

Oct 15, 2026

TransJakarta

TransJakarta is the bus rapid transit system of Jakarta, Indonesia, opened in 2004 as the first in Southeast Asia and now the world's largest BRT network, with 14 corridors carrying about 1.4 million daily trips.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): an interventional radiology procedure creating a stent channel between portal and hepatic veins to treat portal hypertension complications; first done in Freiburg, 1988; ePTFE-covered stents outperform bare stents.

Transjugular liver biopsy

Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is a preferred procedure for obtaining liver tissue through a catheter from the internal jugular vein, especially for patients with coagulopathy.

Transkei

Transkei (Republic of Transkei), apartheid-era Xhosa homeland in southeastern South Africa; first Bantustan declared independent, 26 October 1976; unrecognized except by South Africa; ruled by Kaiser Matanzima, then Holomisa; reincorporated 1994.

Transketolase

Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is a thiamine diphosphate-dependent cytoplasmic enzyme that controls the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and links it to glycolysis; discovered in 1953, it supplies ribose units for nucleoside biosynthesis.

Transketolase deficiency

Transketolase deficiency (TKT deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive pentose phosphate pathway disorder caused by TKT variants on 3p21.1, causing short stature, developmental delay, congenital heart defects, and elevated polyols.

Oct 20, 2026

Transkidney trial

Transkidney (NCT02960802), a Turku University Hospital clinical trial, kidney transplantation and renal and myocardial perfusion; uses PET to measure coronary and renal flow reserve after transplant; active, not recruiting, no results posted.

Translabyrinthine approach

The translabyrinthine approach is a neurosurgical route that removes the bony labyrinth to reach the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle, used mainly for vestibular schwannoma removal.

Translanguaging

Translanguaging (Welsh trawsieithu), coined by Cen Williams in Welsh bilingual education and translated by Colin Baker in 2001, treats multilingual speakers' languages as one repertoire and underpins pedagogical and theoretical work in multilingual education.

TRANSLATE-ACS study

TRANSLATE-ACS (NCT01088503) is a US multicenter observational registry of 12,365 myocardial infarction patients treated with PCI, funded by Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo, documenting real-world antiplatelet switching, medication persistence, platelet testing use, and outcomes over 12 months.

Translation

Translation is the rendering of a written text from one language into another, a practice attested since ancient Mesopotamia and now studied by translation studies.

Translation (biology)

Translation (biology): ribosomal protein synthesis from mRNA using the genetic code; stages initiation, elongation, termination; Nirenberg-Khorana 1968 Nobel code work; major antibiotic target.

Translation (geometry)

A translation in geometry is a transformation that slides every point of a figure the same distance in the same direction, without rotating or resizing it.

Translation elongation factor IF5A-like

Translation elongation factor IF5A-like: the eIF5A protein family (eIF5A1, eIF5A2, archaeal aIF5A, bacterial EF-P), small conserved translation factors carrying the unique hypusine modification, acting mainly in elongation and termination, essential for viability and implicated in cancer.

Translation elongation factor P-like, YeiP

YeiP, renamed EfpL, is an E. coli EF-P paralog (29% identity) that rescues ribosomes stalled at proline motifs, senses metabolic state via lysine acylation, and co-occurs with EF-P in Proteobacteria.

Translation in Gujarati literature

Translation in Gujarati literature began with 15th-century Parsi religious renderings, drove the 19th-century rise of Gujarati prose from English models, and now reaches readers beyond Gujarat.

Translation in South Africa

Translation in South Africa is the practice and study of rendering texts between the country's languages, documented from the 17th century and serving administration across 12 official languages.

Translation initiation factor 3

Translation initiation factor 3 (IF3, infC gene product) is a bacterial two-domain protein that binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocks premature 50S joining, and enforces start codon fidelity; its AUU start codon enables autoregulation.

Translation lookaside buffer

A translation lookaside buffer (TLB) is a small hardware cache in a processor's memory management unit that stores recent virtual-to-physical address translations, avoiding repeated page-table walks in memory.

Translation movement in the Arab Nahda

The translation movement in the Arab Nahda was the large-scale, mostly state-sponsored translation of European texts into Arabic, beginning in Egypt under Muhammad Ali Pasha in the nineteenth century.

Translation movement in Turkish literature

The translation movement in Turkish literature was an effort running from the nineteenth-century Tanzimat reforms to the state-run Tercüme Bürosu of 1940 to 1966, which translated over a thousand works.

Oct 15, 2026

Translation operator

The translation operator in quantum mechanics is a unitary operator that shifts a quantum state by a fixed distance, with the momentum operator as its generator.

Translation quality estimation

Translation quality estimation (QE) is a machine learning method that predicts the quality of machine-translated text without reference translations, scoring translations to flag, filter, or select them.

Translation State

Translation State, Ann Leckie's 2023 standalone Imperial Radch novel (Orbit; Nebula nominee, 2024 Hugo finalist), follows Enae, Reet, and the Presger translator Qven during a treaty renegotiation.

Translation studies

Translation studies: the academic field studying the theory, description, and application of translation, also called translation studies (TS). An interdiscipline founded on Holmes's 1972 paper, spanning linguistics, Skopos theory, cognitive and cultural approaches, translator training, and AI-era post-editing research.

Translation tradition in Hindi

Translation tradition in Hindi (अनुवाद परंपरा) is the practice and theory of rendering texts into and out of Hindi from the early medieval period to the present, now a university subject in India.

Translational elongation

Translational elongation is the phase of protein synthesis in which a ribosome adds amino acids one at a time to a growing polypeptide chain as it reads messenger RNA.

Translational profiling

Translational profiling is a set of molecular biology methods measuring which mRNAs in a cell are translated into protein, typically by deep sequencing of ribosome-protected fragments.