All articles A–Z

Sodium perborate

Sodium perborate, sold as the monohydrate and tetrahydrate, is a white crystalline peroxide salt that releases hydrogen peroxide in water, serving as the bleach in laundry detergents.

Sodium percarbonate, also called sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (过碳酸钠), is a crystalline adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide used mainly as the oxygen-bleaching agent in laundry detergents.

Sodium perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄) is a white, strongly oxidizing crystalline salt of perchloric acid, the most water-soluble perchlorate and the industrial starting material for all other perchlorate salts.

Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate, also called sodium metaperiodate, is the sodium salt NaIO₄ of periodate, a white crystalline oxidizing agent that cleaves vicinal diols in the Malaprade reaction.

Sodium persulfate

Sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈), also called sodium peroxydisulfate, is the disodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, a white crystalline oxidizer used in circuit boards, polymer chemistry, and hair bleach.

Sodium polyacrylate

Sodium polyacrylate, also known as Waterlock, is the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid, a superabsorbent polymer that absorbs up to 500 times its weight and fills disposable diapers.

Oct 22, 2026

Sodium polychlorides

Sodium polychlorides are compounds of sodium and chlorine, stable only under pressures of tens of gigapascals, in which chlorine forms polyatomic anions or extended chains.

Sodium potassium hexametaphosphate

Sodium potassium hexametaphosphate (SKMP, CAS 67183-30-6) is a glassy mixed sodium-potassium polyphosphate, GRAS via FDA GRN 316 (2010) and permitted in Canada since 2015, used to replace sodium hexametaphosphate in reduced-sodium foods.

Sodium propionate

Sodium propionate (sodium propanoate, E 281, CAS 137-40-6), sodium salt of propionic acid; GRAS antimicrobial food preservative for bakery, cheese, meat and fish, and an EU silage feed additive.

Sodium salicylate

Sodium salicylate is the sodium salt of salicylic acid, historically used for rheumatic disease and the parent compound from which aspirin was developed at Bayer in 1897.

Sodium selenate

Sodium selenate is an inorganic sodium salt of selenic acid with the formula Na2O4Se, used in fertilizers, notably in Finland since the 1980s, and as an anticonvulsant.

Sodium selenite

Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is the disodium salt of selenious acid, a white, water-soluble inorganic selenium compound used in animal feed, human dietary supplements, veterinary medicine, and photographic sepia toning.

Sodium silicate

Sodium silicate, also known as water glass or liquid glass, is a family of sodium oxide and silicon dioxide compounds, used mostly in detergents and adhesives.

Sodium silver thiosulfate

Sodium silver thiosulfate (STS, CIPAC 762) is a silver-thiosulfate complex plant growth regulator that blocks ethylene perception in plants, used on cut flowers and ornamentals; EU-approved only for indoor non-edible crops with no specific MRLs.

Sodium sulfate

Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), known industrially as salt cake, is a white, water-soluble inorganic salt used mainly as a detergent filler, in kraft pulping, and in glassmaking.

Sodium sulfide

Sodium sulfide is the inorganic salt Na₂S, a yellow to brick-red crystalline solid that releases toxic hydrogen sulfide in moist air and is used mainly in kraft pulping.

Oct 22, 2026

Sodium sulfide solid electrolytes

Sodium sulfide solid electrolytes are inorganic sodium-ion conductors such as Na₃PS₄ and Na₃SbS₄, whose soft, highly polarizable lattices give liquidlike conductivity but suffer moisture sensitivity and narrow electrochemical stability windows.

Sodium sulfite

Sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) is an inorganic sodium salt of sulfurous acid, a white crystalline reducing agent used in paper processing, water treatment, and food preservation.

Oct 22, 2026

Sodium superionic conductor electrolytes for all-solid sodium cells

Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) electrolytes, including the sodium zirconium silicophosphate family, are solid materials used as the ion-transport layer in all-solid-state sodium batteries.

Sodium tartrate

Sodium tartrate is the disodium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid, obtained as a wine-making byproduct and used as a food emulsifier, pH control agent, and sequestrant.

Sodium taurocholate

Sodium taurocholate is the sodium salt of taurocholic acid, a bile acid formed from cholic acid and taurine, and the standard bile salt in simulated intestinal fluids for drug testing.

Sodium tetraphenylborate

Sodium tetraphenylborate, also called sodium tetraphenylboron or Kalignost, is a white crystalline sodium salt used to precipitate potassium ions in quantitative analysis and studied as an electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries.

Oct 20, 2026

Sodium tetrathiocarbonate

Sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC, ENZONE) is a water-soluble soil fumigant pesticide, CNa2S4, that releases carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide; used against nematodes and fungi, approved in the US but not the EU.

Sodium thiocyanate

Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN, CAS 540-72-7), also called sodium rhodanide, is the sodium salt of thiocyanic acid, made from sodium cyanide and sulfur, used as a preservative and reagent, toxic to the CNS and thyroid.

Sodium thiopental

Sodium thiopental (thiopentone, Pentothal) is an ultra-short-acting thiobarbiturate anesthetic developed by Abbott with Lundy and Waters in 1934; onset in 30 seconds, 2-5 minute bolus action via redistribution; also used for refractory seizures, raised intracranial pressure, and formerly lethal injection.