All articles A–Z

Ecocide

Ecocide is proposed or enacted criminal law for severe, widespread or long-term environmental destruction. Also called the campaign for a fifth Rome Statute crime; key facts: 1970s Vietnam War origin, 2021 Independent Expert Panel definition, 2024 EU directive and Vanuatu ICC proposal.

Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism, also called environmental criticism or green studies, is the interdisciplinary study of literature's relationship to the physical environment. Defined by Glotfelty and Fromm's 1996 Ecocriticism Reader, it developed through two waves and now anchors climate-fiction scholarship within the environmental humanities.

EcoDataCenter

EcoDataCenter is a Swedish data center company founded in 2015 and owned by Areim since 2023, building wood-constructed, energy-efficient data centers whose surplus heat feeds local district heating networks.

Ecodesign Directive

The Ecodesign Directive is a European Union framework law, adopted in 2009, authorizing the Commission to set minimum ecodesign requirements for energy-related products sold in the EU.

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation

The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) is a 2024 EU regulation setting binding ecodesign requirements for almost all products on the single market, replacing the 2009 Ecodesign Directive.

Ecofascism

Ecofascism, also called eco-fascism, combines ecological themes with fascist or ultranationalist politics, tying nature protection to a 'pure' native people. Traced to Arndt and Riehl, debated since Bramwell 1989, and visible in far-right ecology and terrorist manifestos.

Ecofeminism

Ecofeminism, coined by Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974, is an ideology and movement linking domination of women and degradation of nature through patriarchy and capitalism, with cultural and social strands, key texts by Merchant and Shiva, and ongoing climate justice relevance.

Ecofining

Ecofining is a catalytic hydroprocessing technology developed by Eni and Honeywell UOP that converts vegetable oils and animal fats into renewable diesel, first used commercially by Diamond Green Diesel in 2013.

Sep 19, 2026

EcoFlow

EcoFlow (正浩) is a Chinese clean-energy company founded in Shenzhen in 2017 by former DJI battery engineer Bruce Wang, making portable power stations and home batteries.

Ecofosbuvir tablets (艾考磷布韦)

Ecofosbuvir tablets (艾考磷布韦, Encofosbuvir Tablets), formerly yiqibuvir, are HEC Sunshine Pharma's class 1 HCV NS5B nucleoside inhibitor prodrug of sofosbuvir, NMPA-approved March 2025 with netanasvir phosphate for genotype 1, 2, 3, 6 chronic hepatitis C.

Ecogas México

Ecogas México is a Mexican natural gas distribution utility serving Mexicali, Chihuahua, and La Laguna-Durango. It grew from the first private gas distribution permit, granted in 1996.

EcoHealth

EcoHealth, or ecosystem approaches to health, is a transdisciplinary field linking ecosystem health and human well-being; emerged from IDRC work in the 1990s, with the Springer journal EcoHealth founded in 2004 and the IAEH in 2006.

Ecolab

Ecolab Inc., formerly Economics Laboratory, is a St. Paul, Minnesota company selling cleaning, sanitizing, water treatment, and pest elimination products and services in more than 170 countries, with $16.1 billion in 2025 sales.

Ecolabel

Ecolabel: voluntary certified environmental label (FAO definition; ISO Type I/II/III), exemplified by MSC (19.5% of wild marine catch), ASC, EU Ecolabel; covers verification chain, costs, controversies, and 2024-2025 EU regulation.

Ecoland Theme Park

Ecoland Theme Park (에코랜드테마파크), also called Eco Land, is a forest theme park in Gyorae Gotjawal, Jocheon-eup, Jeju, South Korea, where visitors ride UK-built Baldwin locomotive replicas about 4.5 km through Gotjawal forest across themed stations.

Ecole de Surf Atlantic Surf Lodge

Atlantic Surf Lodge (école de surf) is a surf camp and surf school in Vieux-Boucau, Landes, France, open since 2008, 800 m from the beach, with DWV-recognized courses, max 8 students per coach, and rooms from €290/week.

Oct 20, 2026

Ecole de Surf Cote Francaise Vieux Boucau

ESCF Vieux Boucau (Ecole de Surf Côte Française) is a surf school on the Plage des Sablères in Vieux-Boucau-les-Bains, Landes, France, part of the ESCF collective founded in 1998, offering 1h30 lessons from 45 €, stages, coaching, and rental from Easter to Toussaint.

Oct 20, 2026

Ecole de Surf de Bretagne

Ecole de Surf de Bretagne (ESB), also Twenty-Nine Surf Company, is a Breton surf school network founded 1994 at La Torche by Ronan Chatain and Didier Tirilly, the first surf school in Brittany, now ten schools under the ESB label.

Oct 20, 2026

Ecole de Surf du Sud

Ecole de Surf du Sud, also listed as Ecole de surf du sud Oxbow, is a surf school at Étang-Salé, Réunion Island, run by Mikael Legras, listed in the 2017 IRT guide and 2008 labeled-schools directory, later renamed Nautik'Aventure Réunion.

Ecole de Surf Lacabana

Ecole de Surf Lacabana (Maosurfboards) is a surf school at Camping Du Moisan, Messanges, Landes, France, run by shaper Mao; 1h30 lessons from 40 EUR, max 8 per group, boards and wetsuits included.

École des Beaux-Arts

The École des Beaux-Arts is the historic French national school of fine arts in Paris, formed in 1797 from royal academies and now known as the Beaux-Arts de Paris.

École des Ponts ParisTech

École des Ponts ParisTech, officially École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC), is a French grande école founded in 1747 to train state engineers for bridges and roads.

Oct 22, 2026

École lyonnaise

The École lyonnaise (Lyon school) is a group of humanist poets active in Lyon around 1535 to 1555, led by Maurice Scève, Pernette du Guillet, and Louise Labé.

École nationale d'administration

École nationale d'administration (ENA), French school founded 9 October 1945 under de Gaulle to recruit and train senior civil servants; based in Paris then Strasbourg; replaced by the INSP on 1 January 2022.

École Polytechnique

École Polytechnique, informally called l'X, is a French public institution for engineering and science founded in 1794 during the Revolution, located in Palaiseau south of Paris.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) is a Swiss federal institute of technology in Lausanne, founded in 1853 and one of Europe's largest institutions of technology.

École Polytechnique massacre

Antifeminist mass shooting at Montreal's École Polytechnique on 6 December 1989, in which Marc Lépine, 25, with a .223 Sturm-Ruger rifle, killed 14 women before killing himself; it drove Canadian gun control and December 6 national remembrance.

École supérieure de journalisme de Lille

The École supérieure de journalisme de Lille (ESJ Lille) is a private French journalism school founded in 1924, the oldest recognized by the profession in France.

Ecological effects of dam removal

Dam removal sets off sediment release, channel recovery, fish recolonization, and vegetation growth on former reservoir beds, as seen at the Elwha and Klamath rivers.