All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Ecological fallacy
The ecological fallacy is the error of treating a relationship observed between groups as holding for the individuals within them, as in Robinson's 1950 census study.
Ecological footprint
Ecological footprint: an accounting measure in global hectares of a population's demand on biocapacity, created by Rees and Wackernagel in the early 1990s; distinct from the carbon footprint, which is its largest component, and from planetary boundaries and material footprint.
Ecological functions of flavonoids in plants
Flavonoids are a family of over 9,000 plant secondary metabolites that screen ultraviolet radiation, color flowers, deter herbivores and microbes, and mediate signaling with symbiotic rhizobia.
Ecological momentary assessment
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a data-collection method in which participants repeatedly report their current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in real time as they go about daily life.
Ecological momentary intervention
Ecological momentary intervention (EMI) is a treatment delivered to people in real time in their everyday settings, typically via a smartphone, and named by Heron and Smyth in 2010.
Ecological network analysis
Ecological network analysis is an ecosystem science method that models who eats whom and at what rate, quantifying flows, cycling, and ascendency in food webs of 6 to 60 compartments.
Ecological niche
Ecological niche: the n-dimensional set of biotic and abiotic conditions allowing a species to persist (Hutchinson's hypervolume). Distinguishes fundamental from realized niche; basis of competitive exclusion, resource partitioning, and species distribution models.
Ecological niche model
An ecological niche model (ENM), also called a species distribution model, relates species occurrence records to environmental variables to predict suitable habitat across space and time.
Ecological pyramid
Ecological pyramid (trophic or Eltonian pyramid): graphical representation of ecosystem trophic structure, producers at base, consumers at apex. Three types: numbers, biomass, energy; only the energy pyramid is always upright.
Ecological role of tube-dwelling polychaetes
Tube-dwelling polychaetes are sedentary marine annelid worms that cement sand and shells into permanent tubes, building reefs such as Sabellaria formations that stabilize sediment, filter large volumes of water, and sometimes foul pipelines.
Ecological roles of ferns
Ferns act as chemical-defended foliage for insects, facultative hosts of root fungi, nitrogen-fixing partners with Azolla in rice paddies, and microclimate engineers that enrich soils and shelter tree seedlings.
Ecological roles of oomycetes
Beyond their roles as plant and animal pathogens, oomycetes live as saprotrophs in soil, freshwater, and marine habitats, decomposing plant litter and chitin-rich animal remains.
Ecological sanitation
Ecological sanitation, or EcoSan, is a family of sanitation methods that treat human excreta as a resource rather than waste, recycling its nutrients as fertilizer, compost, or biogas.
Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a nonprofit professional society of ecologists founded in 1915 in Columbus, Ohio, with over 9,000 members and headquarters in Washington, DC.
Ecological status
Ecological status is a five-class measure of surface water ecosystem quality under the EU's 2000 Water Framework Directive, rating rivers, lakes, and coastal waters from high to bad.
Ecological study
An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which exposures or outcomes are measured and compared for populations or groups rather than individuals, cheaply using existing data.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession: the change in species, communities, and ecosystems over time after disturbance; primary versus secondary succession; Clements, Gleason, Connell-Slatyer mechanisms, and chronosequence limits.
Ecological systems theory
Ecological systems theory is a developmental psychology framework by Urie Bronfenbrenner, first published in 1979, describing human development through nested environmental systems from family and school outward to culture.
Ecological Trail Garden of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and South China Medicinal Plants Garden
Ecological Trail Garden of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and South China Medicinal Plants Garden (香徑藥谷生態園區及南藥園), IAM-run medicinal plant gardens in Seac Pai Van Park, Coloane, Macao; about 30,000 m2, eight habitat zones, roughly 320 medicinal plant species, closed management with group booking.
Ecologically sensitive area
An ecologically sensitive area is a geographic area where a change in the ecological system is likely to produce a recognizable response; sites are fragile or legally designated.
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Partido Verde Ecologista de México, PVEM) is a Mexican political party, registered in 1993 and best known for its coalition alliances.
Ecology
Ecology, the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment, spans organism, population, community, and ecosystem levels; named by Haeckel in 1866 and applied today through ecosystem services and conservation agriculture.
Ecology (site)
An ecological research site is a location used for ecological research, teaching, species conservation, and public education, ranging from historic university gardens to purpose-built research gardens.
Ecology and conservation of cypresses
The ecology and conservation of cypresses concerns small, isolated California stands of fire-adapted conifers whose serotinous cones need fire to open, making fire suppression a conservation threat.
Ecology and conservation of yews (Taxus)
The ecology and conservation of yews covers the genus Taxus, shade-tolerant conifers whose red arils recruit birds as seed dispersers and whose wild populations face browsing, fire, and slow regeneration.
Ecology and habitat of Cycas
The ecology and habitat of Cycas, the largest cycad genus, spans coastal dunes, savanna, rainforest, and limestone karst in the tropics, with insect pollination and fire-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing coralloid roots.
Ecology and habitats of Cladonia lichens
The ecology and habitats of Cladonia lichens cover their growth on soil, wood, and rocks, with reindeer lichen mats building slowly on acidic, nutrient-poor heath and boreal forest soils.
Ecology and reproduction of haircap mosses
Haircap mosses (family Polytrichaceae) are erect, tuft-forming mosses with internal conducting strands that grow taller than most mosses, on soil in forests, mires, and disturbed ground worldwide.
Ecology of cenotes and anchialine pools
The ecology of cenotes and anchialine pools is organized around a halocline, a sharp boundary where seawater underlies freshwater, trapping organic matter and supporting specialized subterranean fauna.
Ecology of coniferous forests
Ecology of coniferous forests is the study of how forests dominated by pines, spruces, firs, and larches initiate, burn, decompose litter, cycle nutrients, and support fungi and soils.