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Electron-multiplying CCD
An electron-multiplying CCD, or EMCCD, is a charge-coupled device image sensor whose on-chip gain register cuts effective read noise below one electron, enabling single-photon detection.
Electron-on-helium
Electron-on-helium is a proposed quantum-computing platform in which individual electrons float in vacuum above liquid helium and act as qubits, first proposed in 1999, with a 2023 fault-tolerant blueprint.
Electron-transfer dissociation
Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) is a tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation method, reported in 2004, in which a reagent anion transfers an electron to a protonated peptide, preserving labile modifications.
Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH, ETF:QO) is a 64-kDa inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme with FAD and a 4Fe-4S cluster that oxidizes ETF and reduces coenzyme Q10; ETFDH mutations cause about 93% of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Electron–phonon coupling
Electron–phonon coupling is the interaction between the electrons of a solid and the vibrations of its crystal lattice, known as phonons. It underlies conventional superconductivity and sets intrinsic limits on carrier mobility.
Electronarcosis
Electronarcosis (electric anesthesia, electrosleep): profound stupor or general anesthesia produced by passing electric current through the brain; pioneered by Leduc circa 1900, used as prolonged ECT in the 1940s, abandoned by 1950.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity, also known as the Pauling Electronegativity Scale, is the power of an atom to attract bonding electrons, introduced by Linus Pauling in 1932; fluorine is the most electronegative element.
Electroneurography
Electroneurography (ENoG), also called electroneuronography, is a neurophysiological test that electrically stimulates a peripheral nerve and records the evoked muscle response to quantify nerve function.
Electroneuromyography
Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is a clinical neurophysiology method that combines nerve conduction studies and needle EMG in one session to diagnose disorders of the peripheral nerves and muscles.
Electronic (band)
Electronic: Manchester alternative dance duo of Bernard Sumner (New Order) and Johnny Marr (ex-Smiths), formed 1988-1989. Debut single "Getting Away with It" (1989, UK No. 12); three albums 1991-1999; disbanded 2001.
Electronic Arts
Electronic Arts (EA), American video game publisher founded 1982 by Trip Hawkins; maker of EA SPORTS FC, Madden NFL, Battlefield, The Sims; taken private in 2026 by PIF, Silver Lake, and Affinity Partners for $55 billion.
Electronic band structure
Electronic band structure, also known as band structure or band theory, gives the allowed electron energies in a crystal and determines whether it conducts electricity or acts as a semiconductor or insulator.
Electronic benefit transfer
Electronic benefit transfer (EBT) is an electronic system for transferring government benefits to retailers, used in the United States for SNAP food benefits, replacing paper food stamps.
Electronic body music
Electronic body music (EBM) is an early-1980s Belgian and West German electronic dance genre blending industrial and synth-punk; Front 242 adopted the name for No Comment (1984), with DAF, Die Krupps, and Nitzer Ebb as first-generation figures.
Electronic brachytherapy
Electronic brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique that treats tumors with electrically generated low-energy X-rays from a miniature X-ray tube placed at or next to the treatment site.
Electronic business
Electronic business (e-business), also called online business, is the conduct of business processes over computer networks, a broader term than e-commerce, coined by IBM in the late 1990s.
Electronic cigarette
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette, vape, ENDS): battery-operated device heating a nicotine e-liquid into an inhaled aerosol. Invented by Hon Lik (2003) after Gilbert's 1963 patent; aids smoking cessation versus NRT but carries EVALI and youth-use risks.
Electronic circuit
An electronic circuit is a closed loop of interconnected components, from a battery and lamp to integrated circuits with billions of transistors, that amplifies, computes, or transfers power.
Electronic color code
The electronic color code, often called the resistor color code, is a system of colored bands on resistors encoding value, tolerance, and temperature coefficient, standardized in IEC 60062.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, a 1986 US federal statute, extended the 1968 Wiretap Act to email and created the Stored Communications Act, including its 180-day rule for email.
Electronic component
An electronic component, also called an electrical component, is a basic circuit element such as a resistor, capacitor, diode, or transistor, classified as passive, active, or interface.
Electronic Components and Technology Conference
The Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) is an annual IEEE conference covering electronic packaging, components, and microelectronic systems, sponsored by the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society.
Electronic control unit
An electronic control unit (ECU), also called an electronic control module, is an embedded computer in a motor vehicle that reads sensors and commands actuators; modern cars carry over 100.
Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an action taken against an enemy's use of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically by jamming or deceiving its radar and communications.
Electronic countermeasures
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) are actions, typically jamming or chaff and decoys, that degrade an enemy's radar, communications, and sensors; they originated against radar-directed air defenses in World War II.
Electronic dance music
Electronic dance music (EDM) is electronically produced music made to encourage dancing, spanning house, techno, trance, garage, and dubstep. Rooted in disco and Black, queer Chicago and Detroit club scenes, it grew through UK rave culture into a global festival industry.
Electronic data interchange
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the structured computer-to-computer transmission of commercial or administrative transaction data between trading partners in an agreed standard, without human intervention; its best-known standard is UN/EDIFACT.
Electronic Data Systems
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) was an American IT services company founded by Ross Perot in 1962 that pioneered IT outsourcing, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2008.
Electronic design automation
Electronic design automation (EDA), also known as electronic computer-aided design, is specialized software that turns chip specifications into manufacturable layouts, an industry led by Synopsys, Cadence, and Siemens EDA.
Electronic dispersion compensation
Electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) corrects optical fiber impairments, chiefly chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion, using electronic signal processing at the transmitter or receiver, from analog equalizers to the digital filters in every modern coherent receiver.