All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Electronic distance measurement
Electronic distance measurement (EDM) determines the distance between two survey points from an electromagnetic wave, usually light or microwaves, propagated between them. Introduced commercially in 1950, it replaced taping and became standard in total stations.
Electronic engineering
Electronic engineering, also known as electronics and communication engineering, is the branch of engineering that designs and tests electronic components, circuits, and systems such as radar and communications equipment.
Electronic expansion valve
An electronic expansion valve is an electrically actuated device that meters refrigerant into an evaporator, replacing the mechanical thermostatic expansion valve with sensor-based control that holds evaporator superheat at its efficient optimum.
Electronic Family
Electronic Family is an all-trance outdoor festival created by the Dutch agency ALDA Events, first held in 2011 in the Amsterdamse Bos and later moved to Den Bosch.
Electronic filter
An electronic filter is a circuit that separates a wanted band of frequencies from unwanted ones, implemented passively, actively, or digitally for uses from radio receivers to digitization.
Electronic flight bag
An electronic flight bag (EFB) is a tablet or installed display flight crews use instead of paper manuals, charts, and checklists, hosting applications for calculations and real-time data.
Electronic flight instrument system
An electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) is the suite of electronic cockpit displays, typically a primary flight display and navigation display, that replaced electromechanical instruments; the Boeing 757 entered service with one in 1983.
Electronic friction in molecule–surface scattering
Electronic friction in molecule–surface scattering is a dissipative force on atoms and molecules at metal surfaces, arising from excitation of low-energy electron–hole pairs in the metal.
Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation is a donor-funded nonprofit in San Francisco, founded in 1990 by Mitch Kapor and John Perry Barlow, defending digital privacy and free speech.
Electronic game
Electronic game: games played on electronic devices, spanning arcade machines, consoles, computers, and mobile. Began with Ralph Baer's Brown Box (Magnavox Odyssey, 1972) and Pong; global market reached $201.6 billion in 2025.
Electronic Gaming Monthly
Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) is an American monthly console video game magazine founded by Steve Harris, published in print from 1989 to 2009 and online since 2010.
Electronic harassment
Electronic harassment is the unverified belief of being remotely attacked or controlled via directed energy weapons or voice-to-skull technology, held by self-identified targeted individuals within the gangstalking belief system, generally assessed clinically as persecutory delusion.
Electronic health record
Electronic health record (EHR), also called electronic medical record: a digital collection of a patient's medical information. Developed from 1960s systems like COSTAR and VistA; key issues are interoperability standards (HL7, FHIR) and clinician documentation burden.
Electronic health record review
Electronic health record review is a data collection method in epidemiology and clinical research that extracts patient information from EHRs to study exposures, outcomes, and care patterns.
Electronic interlocking
An electronic interlocking, known in Germany as the Elektronisches Stellwerk (ESTW), is a computerised signaling system that sets switches and signals so train movements are only authorized when safety conditions are met.
Electronic journal
An electronic journal, or e-journal, is a periodical published in digital form, most commonly the online version of a scholarly print journal, commercially widespread since the mid-1990s.
Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (E-JC) is a peer-reviewed open-access online journal for discrete mathematics, founded in 1994 by Herbert Wilf and Neil Calkin as one of the first journals delivered over the World Wide Web.
Electronic keyboard
Electronic keyboard: a keyboard instrument producing sound electronically; covers portable and arranger keyboards, distinct from digital pianos, synthesizers, and MIDI controllers. Born early 1980s (Yamaha PortaSound 1980, DX7 1983), MIDI standard, widely used in music education.
Electronic lab notebook
An electronic lab notebook (ELN) is a computer system used to create, store, retrieve, and share electronic research records in place of a paper lab notebook.
Electronic logging device
An electronic logging device (ELD) synchronizes with a commercial vehicle's engine to automatically record driving time and hours of service, replacing paper logs for most US interstate drivers since 2017.
Electronic media
Electronic media are communication media that encode, store, or transmit messages using electronic technology, as opposed to print, covering broadcasting, recorded audio and video, telephony, and internet-based services.
Electronic music
Electronic music (电子音乐): music generated or processed with electronic instruments and technology such as synthesizers, drum machines, and computers; a medium rather than a genre, tracing from the Telharmonium and theremin to tape studios, MIDI, dance subgenres, and a $15.1 billion 2025 industry.
Electronic music festivals in the Americas
Electronic music festivals in the Americas are large multi-day EDM events, anchored by EDC Las Vegas and Ultra Miami, with Creamfields Buenos Aires and Tomorrowland Brasil leading South America.
Electronic musical instrument
An electronic musical instrument produces or shapes sound using electric or electronic circuitry, ranging from electromechanical instruments like the Hammond organ to fully electronic ones like the theremin and synthesizer.
Electronic navigational chart
An electronic navigational chart (ENC) is a standardized vector chart database issued by a government-authorized hydrographic office for use with ECDIS, conforming to International Hydrographic Organization standards.
Electronic nematicity
Electronic nematicity is a phase of matter in which electrons in a crystal spontaneously break its rotational symmetry, a concept central to iron-based and copper oxide superconductors.
Electronic nematicity in iron-based superconductors
Electronic nematicity in iron-based superconductors is the spontaneous breaking of the crystal's rotational symmetry by electronic order; in FeSe it occurs near 90 K without magnetism.
Electronic Nose
An electronic nose (e-nose) is an instrument that mimics biological olfaction, using an array of broadly tuned gas sensors and pattern-recognition algorithms to identify complex odors, first built in 1982.
Electronic oscillator
An electronic oscillator is a circuit that generates a repeating signal, using an amplifier with frequency-selective feedback; common designs include Hartley, Colpitts, Pierce, Wien bridge, ring, and LC oscillators.
Electronic paper
Electronic paper, also known as e-paper, is a reflective display technology that mimics ink on paper, best known through Amazon Kindles and electronic shelf labels.