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519,064 articles
Integrated passive device
An integrated passive device (IPD) is a passive electronic component built as a thin-film structure on a silicon wafer rather than assembled as a discrete part.
Integrated pest management
Integrated pest management (IPM) combines monitoring, action thresholds, biological, cultural, and targeted chemical controls to manage pests. Reported pesticide reductions of 30–70% with maintained or higher yields, though results vary by region.
Integrated photonic entanglement distribution
Integrated photonic entanglement distribution is the generation of entangled photon pairs on chip-scale photonic circuits and their transmission over fiber links, enabling quantum key distribution, teleportation, and sensing.
Integrated product development
Integrated product development (IPD) is a managerial approach to new product development in which activities overlap and run in parallel rather than sequentially, supported by cross-functional teams and closely related to concurrent engineering.
Integrated project delivery
Integrated project delivery (IPD) is a construction project delivery method in which the owner, prime designer, and prime builder share risk and reward, with each participant's success tied to the project's success.
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series
The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) is a family of harmonized census and survey microdata collections, maintained at the University of Minnesota since 1985, free to registered researchers.
Integrated quantum photonics
Integrated quantum photonics is the technology of generating, processing, and detecting quantum states of light on chip-scale photonic circuits, applied to quantum computing, simulation, and communication.
Integrated Revolutionary Organizations
The Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas, ORI) was a Cuban political body founded in 1961, uniting Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, the Popular Socialist Party, and the Revolutionary Directorate of 13 March.
Integrated Rocket Force (India)
India's Integrated Rocket Force (IRF) is a proposed tri-service command for conventional missiles and rockets, separate from the nuclear Strategic Forces Command; discussed since 2021, endorsed by Army Chief Dwivedi in January 2026, and not yet established.
Integrated services (computer networks)
Integrated services (IntServ) is an Internet architecture, described in RFC 1633 in June 1994, that adds real-time quality-of-service guarantees to IP through per-flow resource reservations signaled by RSVP.
Integrated solar combined cycle
An integrated solar combined cycle plant is a natural gas combined-cycle plant in which solar thermal energy adds steam to boost the steam turbine's output.
Integrated squeezed light source
An integrated squeezed light source is a chip-scale photonic device that generates squeezed light, typically using lithium niobate or silicon nitride, for sensing and quantum information applications.
Integrated thematic learning
Integrated thematic learning is a pedagogical approach that organizes instruction across school subjects around one unifying theme, best formalized in the Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) model.
Integrated Truss Structure
The Integrated Truss Structure, or ISS Truss, is the backbone of the International Space Station: 11 segments carrying its solar arrays, thermal radiators, and external payloads, assembled by shuttle from 2002.
Integrated water resources management
Integrated water resources management (IWRM), defined by the Global Water Partnership in 2000, coordinates water and land management across sectors, managing water at the river basin scale sustainably and equitably.
Integrating factor
An integrating factor is a function that, when multiplied into a first-order ordinary differential equation, turns it into an exact equation whose solution follows from a potential function.
Integrating sphere
An integrating sphere is a hollow cavity with a diffuse, highly reflective coating whose multiple reflections produce uniform radiance, used to measure total light flux of lamps and LEDs.
Integrating-and-dump filter
The integrating-and-dump filter is a signal-processing element that sums an input over a fixed interval and resets to zero, serving as the matched filter for rectangular pulses in digital communications.
Integration by parts
Integration by parts is an integral calculus technique that turns the integral of a product of functions into a boundary term minus an easier integral.
Integration by reduction formulae
Integration by reduction formulae is an integral calculus technique expressing an integral carrying a parameter n through a recurrence relation in terms of a similar integral with smaller n.
Integration by substitution
Integration by substitution, also called u-substitution, is a method for evaluating integrals by reversing the chain rule, rewriting them in terms of a new variable u.
Integration platform as a service
Integration platform as a service (iPaaS) is a cloud-hosted suite for connecting applications, APIs and data across cloud, on-premises and hybrid environments; notable traits include subscription pricing, pre-built connectors, low-code tools, and EiPaaS versus embedded iPaaS distinctions.
Integration testing
Integration testing is a level of software testing that examines how separately developed components interact when assembled, exposing interface mismatches that unit testing of components in isolation cannot find.
Integrative literature review
An integrative literature review is a review methodology that combines experimental, non-experimental, theoretical, and empirical literature to generate new frameworks, following Whittemore and Knafl's 2005 five-stage process.
Integrative Oncology
Integrative oncology (IO) is a patient-centered, evidence-based field of cancer care that combines mind and body practices, natural products, and lifestyle changes with standard treatment, aiming to improve quality of life and symptoms throughout care.
Integrative review
An integrative review is a research synthesis method that combines experimental, non-experimental, qualitative, and theoretical studies in a single review, widely used in nursing and health research.
Integrator (air cargo)
An integrator in air cargo is an end-to-end provider combining air and ground transport, a category created by Federal Express and now led by FedEx, UPS, and DHL.
Integrin
Integrins: heterodimeric αβ cell adhesion receptors linking extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, with bidirectional signaling via talin and kindlin; targets of drugs such as vedolizumab for IBD.
Integrin signaling
Integrin signaling: bidirectional signal transduction by 24 αβ heterodimeric adhesion receptors (18 α, 8 β subunits) linking ECM to actin; talin/kindlin/RAP1 drive inside-out activation, FAK and focal adhesions outside-in; basis of antithrombotic, immunologic, and antifibrotic drugs.
Integrity
Integrity (Latin integritas, wholeness) is the virtue of consistency between deed and principle, analyzed philosophically through five accounts: self-integration, identity, standing for something, moral purpose, and virtue, central to Bernard Williams's critique of utilitarianism.