edgepedia

All articles A–Z

519,064 articles

Interior Landscapes: Autobiographical Myths and Metaphors

Interior Landscapes: Autobiographical Myths and Metaphors is a 1990 autobiography by the Anishinaabe writer Gerald Vizenor, recounting his childhood on the White Earth Reservation and military service in Japan.

Interior monologue

Interior monologue (French monologue intérieur) is a narrative technique presenting a character's thoughts directly, pioneered by Édouard Dujardin in 1887 and perfected in James Joyce's Ulysses.

Interior Schwarzschild metric

The interior Schwarzschild metric, or Schwarzschild fluid solution, is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations for the gravitational field inside a uniform-density star.

Interior-point method

The interior-point method, or interior-point algorithm, is an optimization method that solves constrained problems by traveling through the feasible region's interior, made practical by Karmarkar's 1984 algorithm.

Interius BioTherapeutics

Interius BioTherapeutics was a Philadelphia biotechnology company, spun out of the University of Pennsylvania in 2019, that developed in vivo CAR gene therapies engineering immune cells inside the body.

Interjection

Interjection: a word or sound (oh, ouch, mmhm, wow) expressing emotion or managing conversation, grammatically independent of the sentence. Formerly marginal in grammar, now central; 1 in 7 conversation turns is an interjection, per cross-linguistic and conversational research.

Interjet

Interjet (ABC Aerolíneas) was a Mexican low-cost airline based at Toluca that operated from 2005 to December 2020, at its peak carrying about 20 percent of Mexico's domestic market.

Interkosmos (satellite series)

Interkosmos (Интеркосмос) was a series of scientific Earth satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1991, carrying instruments from socialist partner countries to study the Sun, ionosphere, and magnetosphere.

Interlaced Scenes (错位)

Interlaced Scenes (错位, original title 交错的场景) is a 2024 15-episode iQIYI Mist Theater suspense crime drama adapted from Seichō Matsumoto's 1976 novel, starring Ma Yili, Tong Dawei, and Gao Zhiting as detectives and a novelist whose fiction matches a real murder.

Interlaced video

Interlaced video, also called interlaced scanning, divides each frame into two fields of alternating scan lines displayed in succession, devised for analog television to reduce flicker and bandwidth, surviving in formats like 1080i.

Interlagos Circuit

Interlagos Circuit (Autódromo José Carlos Pace), 4.309 km anti-clockwise F1 track in São Paulo, Brazil; opened 1940, F1 since 1973, renamed for 1975 winner José Carlos Pace, home of the São Paulo Grand Prix through 2030.

Interlaken

Interlaken, Swiss Bernese Oberland town between Lake Thun and Lake Brienz on the Bödeli plain; gateway to the Jungfrau Region with 3.7 million overnight stays in 2025 and active Airbnb regulation.

Interlaken Lakeside Reserve

Interlaken Lakeside Reserve is a 517-hectare Ramsar wetland in Tasmania's Central Highlands, listed 16 November 1982 (site 259), protecting Lake Crescent's north-west corner and marshes, habitat of the endangered golden galaxias.

Interlaken Town

Interlaken Town (茵特拉根小镇) is a Swiss-themed resort district in the Tea Stream Valley of OCT East, Dameisha, Yantian District, Shenzhen, named after Interlaken, Switzerland; about 110,000 m², free with a Tea Valley ticket, currently listed temporarily closed.

Interlaminar discectomy

Interlaminar discectomy is a spine operation removing herniated lumbar disc material through the natural gap between laminae, decompressing nerve roots to relieve sciatic leg pain.

Interlayer charge transfer

Interlayer charge transfer is the ultrafast movement of electrons or holes between stacked atomic layers in van der Waals heterostructures, driven by type-II band alignment and producing long-lived interlayer excitons.

Interlayer exciton

An interlayer exciton is a bound electron–hole pair whose charges sit in different layers of a van der Waals heterostructure, giving it a long lifetime and a permanent electric dipole.

Interlayer exciton condensate in MoTe2 bilayers

An interlayer exciton condensate in MoTe2 bilayers is a macroscopic quantum state where electrons and holes in different molybdenum ditelluride layers share one collective state.

Interlayer exciton condensation

Interlayer exciton condensation is the formation of a macroscopic quantum state in which bound electron–hole pairs in separate layers of a bilayer share one coherent state, behaving like a superconductor with excitons instead of Cooper pairs.

Interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures

Interlayer excitons are bound electron-hole pairs whose electron and hole sit in different atomic layers of a van der Waals heterostructure, giving long lifetimes and electric-field tunability.

Interleague play

Interleague play: regular-season MLB games between American League and National League clubs, adopted 1997 and expanded to 46 games per team under the 2023 balanced schedule; AL leads .529, rivalries include Subway Series and Cubs-White Sox.

Interleave-division multiple access

Interleave-division multiple access (IDMA) is a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in wireless communication, proposed by Li Ping in 2005, that separates simultaneous users by user-specific interleavers rather than distinct spreading codes.

Interleaved 2 of 5

Interleaved 2 of 5, also known as ITF, is a self-checking numeric barcode symbology that encodes each digit pair across bars and spaces, used in distribution and logistics.

Interleaved boost converter

An interleaved boost converter (IBC) is a DC-DC boost converter built from two or more boost phases switched in parallel with a phase shift, cutting ripple and device stress.

Interleaved practice

Interleaved practice is a learning strategy that mixes different problem types within a study session instead of practicing them in blocks, improving later test scores despite worse practice performance.

Interleukin

Interleukins (ILs) are a family of immune-signaling cytokines; over 60 designated, 38 formally recognized (IL-1 to IL-38). Grouped into IL-1, common gamma-chain, and IL-6/IL-12 families; marked by pleiotropy and redundancy; targets of anakinra, tocilizumab, secukinumab.

Interleukin 2

Interleukin-2 (IL-2, T-cell growth factor, TCGF) is a 15.5 kDa cytokine discovered in 1976 by Gallo's team; high-dose aldesleukin treats metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, low-dose IL-2 expands Tregs for autoimmune disease.

Interleukin 6

Interleukin 6 (IL-6, BSF-2) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling through IL-6R and gp130 via JAK/STAT3, driving acute-phase response, autoimmunity, cancer, and COVID-19 cytokine storm; targeted by tocilizumab.

Interleukin-1 alpha

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and one of two forms of interleukin-1, produced chiefly by macrophages, encoded by the IL1A gene on chromosome 2.

Interleukin-1 family

Interleukin-1 family: eleven cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 and IL-1Ra; innate immune agonists and antagonists activated via caspase-1 inflammasomes, targeted by anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept.