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Interferon beta-1b
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Betaferon, Extavia) is a recombinant, non-glycosylated 165-amino-acid type I interferon from E. coli, injected 250 µg every other day; the first FDA-approved MS disease-modifying therapy (1993).
Interferon gamma
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ, IFNG) is the sole type II interferon, a cytokine from T cells, NK cells, and ILC1s signaling through IFNGR1/IFNGR2, Jak1/Jak2, and STAT1; it activates macrophages, has direct antiviral mechanisms, and is the drug Actimmune and the basis of TB interferon-gamma release assays.
Interferon gamma release assay
The interferon gamma release assay, or IGRA, is a blood test that measures interferon-gamma released by T cells exposed to tuberculosis antigens, detecting infection, mainly latent tuberculosis, without BCG interference.
Interferon Signaling
Interferon signaling: how type I, II, and III interferons (IFN-α/β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ) signal through IFNAR, IFNGR, and IFNLR receptors via the JAK-STAT pathway to induce interferon-stimulated genes.
Interflora
Interflora: international flower delivery network relaying orders to local florists; British unit founded 30 May 1923, linked to Fleurop (1927) and FTD (1910); global group formed 1946 in Copenhagen; UK unit owned by Teleflora UK Holdings, based in Sleaford.
Interfluve
An interfluve is the higher ground between two adjacent river or stream valleys, which separates the valleys and directs surface water toward one channel or the other.
InterFM
InterFM, also known as InterFM897, is an English-language and multilingual FM radio station in Tokyo, Japan, broadcasting on 89.7 MHz from Tokyo Tower since 1996.
Interfollicle cell
Interfollicle cell, also called stalk follicle cell or stalk cell, is a Drosophila ovarian somatic cell in the 5-8 cell stalk connecting adjacent egg chambers, specified by Notch and JAK-STAT signaling and protected from excess apoptosis.
Intergalactic travel
Intergalactic travel, also called intergalactic space travel, is the hypothetical movement of spacecraft between galaxies; distances of hundreds of thousands to millions of light-years place it far beyond current engineering.
Intergalactic: The Heretic Prophet
Intergalactic: The Heretic Prophet is an upcoming Naughty Dog action-adventure for PS5, announced December 12, 2024 at The Game Awards. Bounty hunter Jordan A. Mun (Tati Gabrielle) is stranded on Sempiria; scored by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross; full reveal set for 2027.
Intergenerational equity
Intergenerational equity is the principle of fairness among generations, holding that every generation holds the Earth in common with past and future generations and underpinning sustainable development.
Intergenerational income mobility
Intergenerational income mobility is the degree to which a child's adult income depends on their parents' income, measured by relative and absolute mobility, which can move in opposite directions.
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a regional organization of Eastern African states, formed in 1996 from a 1986 drought body and best known for mediating peace in Sudan, South Sudan, and Somalia.
Intergovernmental Conference (European Union)
An intergovernmental conference (IGC) in the European Union is a formal conference of member-state governments that negotiates treaty changes by unanimous decision, under Article 48 of the Treaty on European Union.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, established in 1960, is the United Nations' lead body for ocean science, coordinating research, ocean observation, and tsunami warning systems.
Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail
Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF), also Organisation intergouvernementale pour les transports internationaux ferroviaires, is the Bern-based body created 1 May 1985 by COTIF 1980, amended by the 1999 Vilnius Protocol, maintaining uniform rail law appendices CIV, CIM, RID, CUV, CUI, APTU, and ATMF.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established in 1988 by UNEP and the WMO, is a 195-member intergovernmental body producing consensus-based scientific assessments of climate change through three Working Groups.
Intergranular corrosion
Intergranular corrosion, also called intergranular attack, is preferential corrosion along a metal's grain boundaries, arising when precipitates deplete the boundaries of corrosion-resistant elements such as chromium.
Interharmonics
Interharmonics are voltage or current components in a power system whose frequencies are not integer multiples of the fundamental supply frequency, such as 50 or 60 Hz.
InterHeart study
The INTERHEART study was a case-control study of first heart attacks across 52 countries, finding that nine modifiable risk factors account for more than 90% of heart attack risk worldwide.
Interim analysis
An interim analysis is a pre-planned assessment of outcome data collected so far in a clinical trial, used for safety, efficacy, or futility, typically under group sequential designs.
Interim championship
Interim championship: a temporary title in boxing and MMA awarded when a reigning champion cannot defend. Introduced by the WBA in 1998; the interim holder unifies with or is elevated to full champion; criticized as belt proliferation.
Interim Constitution of South Africa
The Interim Constitution of South Africa, formally Act 200 of 1993, was negotiated to end apartheid and governed the country from 27 April 1994 until 1997.
Interim financial report
An interim financial report is a set of financial statements for a period shorter than a full year, such as a quarter, updating the latest annual accounts.
Interim Government of India
Interim Government of India (Provisional Government), formed 2 September 1946 under Nehru as Vice-President of the Viceroy's Executive Council; Congress-Muslim League coalition cabinet governing British India until independence and partition in August 1947.
Interim Leadership Council
Iran's Interim Leadership Council (Shoraye-ye Enteqali-ye Rahbari), under Article 111, is the three-member body (president, judiciary chief, Guardian Council jurist) that assumed supreme leader duties 1-8 March 2026 after Khamenei's killing, distinct from unrelated bodies of the same name.
Interior algebra
An interior algebra, also known as a closure algebra or topo-boolean algebra, is a Boolean algebra with an interior operator; McKinsey and Tarski introduced the structure in 1944.
Interior Chinatown (TV series)
Interior Chinatown is a 2024 Hulu limited series, 10 episodes, created by Charles Yu from his National Book Award-winning novel; Jimmy O. Yang stars as Willis Wu, a background actor in a police procedural, with Chloe Bennet and Taika Waititi producing.
Interior design
Interior design is a distinct profession that plans non-structural interior environments, selecting materials, furnishings, lighting, and acoustics, and is regulated in most U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
Interior designer
An interior designer is a professional qualified by education, experience, and examination to plan interior spaces, from residences to institutions, covering space planning, materials, lighting, and building codes.