75 articles
Intraoperative cholangiography
Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is an X-ray imaging technique performed during gallbladder removal surgery, in which contrast dye injected into the bile ducts confirms anatomy and detects stones.
Intravenous urography
Intravenous urography, also called intravenous pyelography or IVP, is a radiological technique in which iodinated contrast injected into a vein outlines the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on X-rays.
Invasive angiography
Invasive angiography is a medical imaging procedure in which a catheter inside an artery injects iodinated contrast dye, and X-ray fluoroscopy records the contrast filling the vessels.
Iobitridol
Iobitridol (Xenetix) is a non-ionic, low-osmolar, tri-iodinated iodinated contrast medium by Guerbet, sold in Europe at 250-350 mg I/ml for CT, angiography, and urography; not marketed in the United States.
Iocetamic acid
Iocetamic acid (Cholebrine, Cholebrin, MP-620) is a tri-iodinated oral cholecystographic X-ray contrast medium, ATC V08AC07, approved by FDA in 1973 for Mallinckrodt's 750 mg tablet and now discontinued.
Iodamide
Iodamide (Uromiro, Odiston) is an ionic monomeric triiodinated benzoic acid contrast medium, ATC V08AA03, once used intravenously for urography and CT in Europe; largely replaced by nonionic low-osmolality agents.
Iodipamide
Iodipamide (adipiodone, brand Cholografin) is an iodinated hepatotropic X-ray contrast medium used for intravenous cholangiography; FDA-approved 1954, now discontinued.
Iodoxamic acid
Iodoxamic acid (Endobil, Endomirabil, BC-17) is a hexaiodinated dimeric ionic contrast medium, C26H26I6N2O10, given intravenously as meglumine salt for cholecystography and cholangiography; first approved 1982, now discontinued.
Iopamidol
Iopamidol is a nonionic, low-osmolality iodinated contrast medium, sold as Isovue, Niopam, and Iopamiron, developed by Bracco and launched in 1981 for CT and angiography.
Iopanoic acid
Iopanoic acid (Telepaque), introduced 1951, is a triiodinated oral cholecystographic contrast medium for gallbladder X-ray imaging that also inhibits T4-to-T3 deiodinase and is used off-label for severe hyperthyroidism; tablets are discontinued.
Iophendylate
Iophendylate (Pantopaque, Myodil, iofendylate) is an oil-based iodinated X-ray contrast agent introduced in 1944 for myelography, ventriculography, and cisternography; poorly absorbed and linked to arachnoiditis, it was replaced by metrizamide in the 1970s.
Iopromide
Iopromide, marketed as Ultravist by Bayer, is a nonionic, low-osmolar, tri-iodinated X-ray contrast agent developed by Schering, launched in Europe in 1985, and sold in over 70 countries.
Iothalamic acid
Iothalamic acid is a tri-iodinated benzoic acid derivative that serves as a high-osmolality X-ray contrast agent marketed as Conray, and its radioiodinated sodium salt measures glomerular filtration rate.
Iotrolan
Iotrolan (Isovist, Osmovist) is a non-ionic dimeric, iso-osmolar iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ATC V08AB06, MW 1626.24) used intrathecally for myelography and for arthrography; FDA-approved 1989, later discontinued in the US and Canada.
Ioxitalamic acid
Ioxitalamic acid (Telebrix) is a first-generation ionic monomer iodinated X-ray contrast medium, a triiodobenzoic acid derivative with high osmolality, used for angiography, urography, hysterosalpingography, and CT enhancement.
Ipodate
Ipodate (iopodic acid, Oragrafin, Biloptin) is a discontinued oral iodinated contrast medium, ATC V08AC08, approved 1962 for gallbladder X-ray imaging and later used off-label short-term for severe hyperthyroidism by inhibiting T4-to-T3 conversion.
Lymphangiography
Lymphangiography is an imaging procedure that opacifies lymphatic vessels and nodes by injecting contrast agent directly into the lymphatic system, used to diagnose and treat lymphatic leaks and obstruction.
Lymphography
Lymphography, also known as lymphangiography, is an imaging technique that opacifies lymphatic vessels and nodes by injecting contrast agent, diagnosing obstruction, metastases, lymphoma, and leaks.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a noninvasive MRI technique, first described in 1991, that images the bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic duct without radiation or contrast, serving as the noninvasive alternative to diagnostic ERCP.
Magnetic resonance urography
Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is an MRI technique that images the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without ionizing radiation, used to diagnose obstruction, congenital anomalies, and tumors.
Methiodal
Methiodal (iodomethanesulfonic acid, Abrodil) is an iodinated organosulfonic acid whose sodium salt served as a water-soluble, high-osmolar X-ray contrast medium for urography, introduced around 1930-1931 and later withdrawn.
Metrizamide
Metrizamide (brand name Amipaque) is a non-ionic, water-soluble iodinated x-ray contrast medium, the first low-osmolar agent in clinical use, marketed in 1972 by Nyegaard of Oslo and now discontinued.
Metrizoic acid
Metrizoic acid (metrizoate; Isopaque, Triosil) is an ionic monomeric triiodobenzoate X-ray contrast medium, high-osmolar at 2,100 mOsm/kg, historically used in urography and angiography; FDA approval discontinued.
Microangiography
Microangiography is an X-ray imaging technique that visualizes very small blood vessels, typically arterioles of 20 to 200 µm, using radiopaque contrast agents and high-resolution detection.
Modified barium swallow
The modified barium swallow (MBS) is a videofluoroscopic swallowing study in which a patient swallows barium-containing foods and liquids while real-time X-ray imaging assesses swallowing function, primarily to diagnose oropharyngeal dysphagia.
MR arthrogram
MR arthrogram is an MRI technique in which dilute gadolinium contrast is injected into a joint, mainly to evaluate labral tears, cartilage defects, and rotator cuff lesions.
MR enterography
MR enterography is an MRI examination of the small bowel in which the patient drinks oral contrast to distend it, used mainly to diagnose and stage Crohn's disease.
MR sialography
MR sialography, or magnetic resonance sialography, is a noninvasive MRI technique that images salivary gland ducts without contrast or radiation, first described by D. J. Lomas and colleagues in 1996.
Myelography
Myelography is an imaging technique that injects iodinated contrast into the spinal canal to outline the spinal cord and nerve roots on X-ray and CT.
Neuroradiography
Neuroradiography is the radiography of the central nervous system, indexed by MeSH D009485, which uses classic X-ray techniques and modern practice extending into computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.