76 articles
Abdominal hysterectomy
Abdominal hysterectomy is a gynecological operation that removes the uterus through an incision in the abdominal wall, most often for fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, prolapse, endometriosis, or cancer.
Adenomyomectomy
Adenomyomectomy, performed as laparoscopic adenomyomectomy, is a uterus-preserving operation that removes adenomyotic tissue from the uterine wall, treating adenomyosis in women with pain, heavy bleeding, or infertility.
Amnioinfusion
Amnioinfusion is an obstetric procedure in which saline or Ringer's lactate is infused into the amniotic cavity, most often through a transcervical catheter during labor.
Amniotomy
Amniotomy, also called artificial rupture of membranes (ARM), is an obstetric procedure that tears the amniotic sac to induce or augment labor or place fetal monitors.
B-Lynch suture
The B-Lynch suture is a uterine compression suture developed by Christopher B-Lynch in 1997 that controls severe postpartum hemorrhage when drugs fail, avoiding hysterectomy and preserving fertility.
Breech extraction
Breech extraction: obstetric maneuver delivering a fetus feet- or buttocks-first by traction. Used for a non-vertex second twin and as reverse breech extraction for an impacted head at cesarean.
CARE trial
CARE (Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts) trial: NIH-funded randomized trial in 322 stress-continent women testing prophylactic Burch colposuspension during abdominal sacrocolpopexy; it reduced postoperative stress incontinence at 3 months and 2 years.
Cesarean hysterectomy
A cesarean hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus performed at the time of cesarean delivery, most often to control uncontrollable hemorrhage or to treat abnormal placental invasion.
Colpocleisis
Colpocleisis is an obliterative gynecologic operation for advanced pelvic organ prolapse, in which the vaginal canal is surgically closed and offered only to women who no longer desire intercourse.
Colpopexy
Colpopexy is a surgical procedure that suspends a prolapsed vaginal apex, most often the vault after hysterectomy, to the sacrum or sacrospinous ligament, correcting apical pelvic organ prolapse.
Colporrhaphy
Colporrhaphy is a vaginal operation that repairs a prolapsed anterior or posterior vaginal wall by plicating the underlying fascia; anterior repair treats cystocele and posterior repair treats rectocele.
Colpotomy
Colpotomy is a surgical incision through the vaginal wall, usually the posterior fornix, that opens into the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) to reach the pelvic peritoneal cavity.
Conization
Conization, or cone biopsy, is a gynecological surgical procedure that removes a cone-shaped sample of cervical tissue for histological examination, used mainly to diagnose and treat cervical precancer.
Deinfibulation
Deinfibulation, also called defibulation, is a minor surgical procedure cutting open scar tissue sealing the vaginal opening in Type III FGM/C, restoring urination, menstruation, intercourse, and childbirth.
Delivery by elective caesarean section
Delivery by elective caesarean section (ICD-11 JB22.0; ICD-10-CM O82.0) is planned surgical birth via abdominal and uterine incision, usually from 39 weeks; trial evidence shows lower neonatal trauma and incontinence but more wound infection and future-pregnancy risks.
Delivery by emergency caesarean section
Delivery by emergency caesarean section (ICD-11 JB22.1) is surgical birth during pregnancy or labor when vaginal delivery is unsafe or impossible, with NICE category 1 targeted within 30 minutes.
Endometrial ablation
Endometrial ablation is a gynecological procedure that destroys the uterine lining to treat heavy menstrual bleeding unresponsive to medication, offering a safe alternative to hysterectomy.
Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures
Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures: fetal surgery during cesarean delivery while the baby remains on placental circulation, securing an airway, resecting masses, ECMO cannulation, or separating conjoined twins.
External cephalic version
External cephalic version (ECV) is a manual obstetric procedure in which a clinician presses on the pregnant woman's abdomen to turn a breech fetus head-down, performed from 36 to 37 weeks.
Fetal surgery
Fetal surgery is the operative treatment of a fetus in the womb to correct congenital anomalies such as spina bifida, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and diaphragmatic hernia.
Fistula repair
Fistula repair, also known as vesicovaginal fistula repair, is surgery closing an abnormal opening between a woman's urinary tract or rectum and vagina to restore continence.
Forceps delivery
A forceps delivery is an operative vaginal birth in which paired metal blades applied to the fetal head assist delivery, one of two main instrumental methods alongside vacuum extraction.
Gynecologic oncology
Gynecologic oncology is the medical subspecialty devoted to cancers of the female reproductive tract, including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Its practitioners complete fellowship training after obstetrics and gynecology residency.
Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
Gynecologic surgical procedures are operations on the female genitalia (MeSH D013509), spanning hysterectomy, myomectomy, ovariectomy, and hysteroscopy, performed open, vaginally, laparoscopically, robotically, or via vNOTES.
Hysteropexy
Hysteropexy is a surgical procedure for uterine prolapse that suspends the uterus to ligaments or the sacrum, a uterus-sparing alternative to hysterectomy often chosen by women who want to keep the uterus.
Hysteroscopic myomectomy
Hysteroscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that removes submucosal uterine fibroids through the cervix using a hysteroscope, relieving abnormal bleeding in 70 to 99% of cases.
Hysterotomy
Hysterotomy is a surgical incision through the wall of the pregnant uterus, usually via the abdomen, to evacuate its contents, typically to end a pregnancy before fetal viability.
Interval cytoreductive surgery
Interval cytoreductive surgery, also called interval debulking surgery, removes advanced ovarian cancer after about 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, achieving higher complete-resection rates with less perioperative harm than primary surgery.
Interval debulking surgery
Interval debulking surgery is cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer performed after a few cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by further chemotherapy of the same type.
Intrauterine transfusion
Intrauterine transfusion, also known as fetal transfusion, is an ultrasound-guided fetal therapy that injects donor red cells into the umbilical vein to treat severe fetal anemia, introduced in 1963.