76 articles
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), also called LLETZ, is a gynecological operation using an electrified wire loop to remove abnormal cervical tissue, most often to treat high-grade cervical precancer.
Lower segment cesarean section
Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) is a surgical childbirth procedure delivering the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment, the standard incision in modern obstetrics.
Metroplasty
Metroplasty is a surgical procedure, now performed almost entirely through the hysteroscope, that corrects congenital uterine malformations, above all the septate uterus, to improve reproductive outcomes.
Morcellation
Morcellation is a surgical technique that divides large tissue specimens, such as uterine fibroids, into fragments removable through small incisions during minimally invasive surgery.
Multifetal pregnancy reduction
Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) is a first-trimester procedure that terminates one or more fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy to improve survival of the remaining fetuses.
Multiple delivery
Multiple delivery (ICD-11 JB24): birth of more than one infant from one pregnancy, usually twins. Covers US epidemiology, elevated maternal and perinatal risks, and evidence that planned cesarean and planned vaginal twin delivery have similar outcomes.
Obstetric Surgical Procedures
Obstetric surgical procedures are operations performed on a pregnant woman for conditions of pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium, ranging from cesarean section, the most frequent major abdominal surgery worldwide, to cervical cerclage.
Obstetrical Extraction
Obstetrical extraction, or operative vaginal delivery, is birth assisted by obstetric forceps or a vacuum extractor (ventouse) during the second stage of labor; rates run 5-20% in high-income countries and are declining.
Oocyte retrieval
Oocyte retrieval, also called oocyte aspiration, is the medical procedure of collecting mature eggs from ovarian follicles for in vitro fertilization, standard since the late 1980s as transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration.
Operative vaginal delivery
Operative vaginal delivery is an obstetric procedure in which forceps or a vacuum extractor completes a vaginal birth when the second stage of labor needs expediting.
Opportunistic salpingectomy
Opportunistic salpingectomy is the removal of both fallopian tubes during a pelvic operation a woman is already having, to prevent ovarian cancer without causing menopause.
Ovarian cystectomy
Ovarian cystectomy is a gynecological operation that removes an ovarian cyst while leaving a functional ovary, most often done laparoscopically for endometriomas, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas.
Partial hysterectomy
Partial hysterectomy, also called subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy, is a gynecological operation that removes the body and fundus of the uterus while leaving the cervix in place.
Pelvic exenteration
Pelvic exenteration is a major operation removing the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs, first reported by Alexander Brunschwig in 1948 to treat advanced pelvic cancer.
Peripartum hysterectomy
Peripartum hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus around the time of childbirth, performed almost always to control life-threatening obstetric hemorrhage, occurring in about 1.1 per 1,000 births worldwide.
Primary cesarean birth
A primary cesarean birth is a person's first cesarean delivery, counted separately from repeat cesareans because about 85% of women who have one have repeats for later births.
Primary cytoreductive surgery
Primary cytoreductive surgery, also called primary debulking surgery, is the first treatment for advanced ovarian cancer, removing as much visible tumor as possible before chemotherapy.
Primary debulking surgery
Primary debulking surgery (PDS) is the initial operation for advanced ovarian cancer, in which surgeons remove all visible tumor, typically removing the ovaries, uterus, and omentum.
Prophylactic oophorectomy
Prophylactic oophorectomy, now termed risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, is removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes in cancer-free carriers of BRCA variants, recommended around ages 35 to 45.
Radical hysterectomy
Radical hysterectomy is a surgical operation that removes the uterus, parametrium, and upper one-third to one-half of the vagina, usually with pelvic lymph node dissection, to treat early-stage cervical cancer.
Radical trachelectomy
Radical trachelectomy is a fertility-sparing operation for early-stage cervical cancer that removes the cervix, upper vagina, and parametria while preserving the uterus for future pregnancy.
Repeat Cesarean Section
Repeat cesarean section (RCS, ERCS): surgical birth by abdominal hysterotomy after a previous cesarean. Alternative is VBAC/TOLAC; rupture risk 1 in 200 vs under 1 in 4,000; risks of previa, accreta, hysterectomy rise with each cesarean.
Robotic sacrocolpopexy
Robotic sacrocolpopexy is a minimally invasive operation that uses robot-assisted laparoscopy to suspend the vaginal apex to the sacrum with mesh, repairing apical pelvic organ prolapse.
Sacrocolpopexy
Sacrocolpopexy, performed open or laparoscopically, repairs apical pelvic organ prolapse by anchoring the vaginal apex to the sacrum with mesh, and is considered the gold standard repair.
Sacrohysteropexy
Sacrohysteropexy is a uterus-sparing surgical procedure for uterine prolapse in which a strip of synthetic mesh anchors the uterus to the sacrum, done open, laparoscopically, or robotically.
Sacrospinous ligament fixation
Sacrospinous ligament fixation is a vaginal operation for pelvic organ prolapse that anchors the vaginal apex or uterus to the sacrospinous ligament, restoring apical support.
Salpingo-oophorectomy
Salpingo-oophorectomy is a gynecological operation removing an ovary together with its attached fallopian tube, on one or both sides, often to treat ovarian disease or reduce cancer risk in BRCA carriers.
Salpingostomy
Salpingostomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made into a fallopian tube to remove an ectopic pregnancy while sparing the tube for future fertility.
Secondary cytoreductive surgery
Secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCRS) is an operation to remove recurrent ovarian cancer tumors after a first course of treatment, benefiting platinum-sensitive, limited-volume disease when complete resection is achieved.
Selective reduction
Selective reduction is an obstetric procedure that terminates one or more fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy, usually by ultrasound-guided potassium chloride injection, to improve survival of the rest.