87 articles
3D conformal radiation therapy
3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a radiotherapy technique that shapes multiple beams to match the tumor's shape, permitting higher tumor doses while limiting dose to organs at risk.
Ablative radiotherapy
Ablative radiotherapy, known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or SABR, delivers a high radiation dose to a tumor in one to a few sessions, aiming to destroy it completely.
Accelerated radiotherapy
Accelerated radiotherapy delivers a conventional course of radiation in a shorter overall treatment time, by adding weekly fractions or giving more than one fraction per day.
Adaptive brachytherapy
Adaptive brachytherapy is a radiotherapy technique in which the brachytherapy plan is repeatedly re-optimized during treatment to follow changes in tumor size, shape, and position, guided mainly by MRI.
Adaptive radiation therapy
Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is a radiotherapy technique in which the treatment plan is modified during treatment using systematic feedback, most commonly daily imaging of changing anatomy.
Adaptive radiotherapy
Adaptive radiotherapy is a radiation oncology approach in which the treatment plan is modified during a course of therapy in response to changes in patient anatomy, tumor size, or position.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is concurrent chemotherapy and radiation given after cancer surgery to eliminate residual microscopic disease, established in glioblastoma and endometrial cancer but contested in pancreatic cancer.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Adjuvant radiotherapy: radiation given after primary cancer treatment (usually surgery) to reduce recurrence. Used in breast, cervical, and selected lung and prostate cancers; benefits and harms vary by stage and risk.
Biology-guided radiotherapy
Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) is a radiotherapy method that steers the beam toward the tumor in real time using PET tracer emissions, FDA cleared in 2023 for lung and bone tumors on RefleXion's SCINTIX platform.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), also called neutron capture therapy, is a binary radiotherapy using boron-10 drugs plus neutron irradiation; the 10B(n,alpha)7Li reaction kills tumor cells, used for gliomas, melanoma, and recurrent head and neck cancer.
Carbogen breathing
Carbogen breathing is the inhalation of a carbon dioxide–oxygen gas mixture, typically 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide, used to raise tumor oxygenation during radiotherapy.
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemoradiotherapy, or chemoradiation therapy, is a cancer treatment in which chemotherapy drugs are given during the same period as radiation therapy, improving survival in head and neck, lung, cervical, and other cancers.
Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy
Computer-assisted radiotherapy (MeSH D011881) is the use of computer systems for accurate radiation dose computation and treatment planning, spanning early systems like KULA and the RAD 8, CT-based 3D planning, IMRT, and AI-driven automated planning.
Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy Planning
Computer-assisted radiotherapy planning (MeSH D011880) is software-based calculation of beam angles, intensities, and irradiation duration in radiotherapy via treatment planning systems, verified by end-to-end audits, independent MU checks, and increasingly AI automation.
Conformal radiotherapy
Conformal radiotherapy, or 3D-CRT, is a cancer treatment that shapes each external radiation beam to the tumor's outline, lowering side effects; CT-based planning enabled it in the 1980s.
Cranial irradiation
Cranial irradiation is radiotherapy delivered to the brain or skull, used to treat brain tumors and metastases and, as prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), to prevent central nervous system relapse.
Craniospinal irradiation
Craniospinal irradiation is a radiotherapy technique treating the entire brain and spinal subarachnoid space as one continuous volume, mainly for medulloblastoma and other tumors that spread through cerebrospinal fluid.
Deep inspiration breath hold
Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is a radiotherapy technique in which patients hold a deep breath during treatment, moving the heart away from the beam to reduce cardiac dose.
Definitive radiotherapy
Definitive radiotherapy is radiation treatment given with curative intent as the primary or sole therapy for a tumor, without surgery, typically delivered in small daily doses over several weeks.
Dose calculation algorithm
A dose calculation algorithm is the computational engine of a radiation therapy treatment planning system, estimating the dose delivered to each voxel of a patient's tissues.
Dose fractionation
Dose fractionation is the division of a radiation therapy course into many small doses over days to weeks, so normal tissues repair while tumor damage accumulates.
DOTATATE therapy
DOTATATE therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment delivering lutetium-177 via the radiolabeled somatostatin analog Lutathera to neuroendocrine tumors, approved in Europe in 2017 and the United States in 2018.
Electronic brachytherapy
Electronic brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique that treats tumors with electrically generated low-energy X-rays from a miniature X-ray tube placed at or next to the treatment site.
Fiducial Markers
Fiducial markers are small objects, often gold and about the size of a grain of rice, implanted in or near a tumor to guide precise radiation therapy.
FLASH radiotherapy
FLASH radiotherapy is a radiation therapy technique delivering doses at ultra-high dose rates above 40 Gy/s, over 1000 times faster than conventional radiotherapy, killing tumors normally while reducing normal tissue injury, with first-in-human treatment in 2018.
Fractionated radiotherapy
Fractionated radiotherapy is a cancer treatment in which the total radiation dose is divided into smaller daily doses over weeks, allowing normal cells to repair.
Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy
Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) is a radiation oncology technique delivering precisely targeted, image-guided radiation to tumors over multiple sessions, usually intracranial, with a maximum of 12 fractions.
Hadron therapy
Hadron therapy is a radiation treatment using charged particle beams, chiefly protons and carbon ions, which deposit most of their energy in the tumor while sparing healthy tissue.
Heavy ion radiotherapy
Heavy ion radiotherapy, also known as carbon ion radiotherapy, is a radiation therapy technique using accelerated carbon ions to treat tumors, with sharp dose localization and elevated biological effectiveness.
Helical tomotherapy
Helical tomotherapy, also known as tomotherapy, is an intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique in which a rotating fan beam traces a helix around the moving patient, with integrated CT image guidance.