87 articles
Hemibody Irradiation
Hemibody irradiation (HBI), or half-body irradiation, is palliative radiotherapy treating half the body in one field for widespread bone metastases; standard 800 cGy lower and 600 cGy upper doses, about 80% pain response, largely abandoned after the 1990s.
High-dose-rate brachytherapy
High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique delivering short, intense doses from a radioactive iridium-192 source placed inside or next to the tumor, used mainly for cervix and prostate cancer.
High-Energy Radiotherapy
High-energy radiotherapy (megavolt radiotherapy) is cancer treatment with megavoltage-or-higher ionizing radiation: gamma rays, x-rays, electrons, protons, and heavy ions, delivered by cobalt-60 units and linacs since the 1950s.
HYPO-5 trial
HYPO-5 (NCT05786742) is a phase 1-2 CHU de Québec trial comparing 25 Gy/5-fraction ultra-hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy plus a 15 Gy HDR brachytherapy boost against moderately hypofractionated schedules, reporting interim safety and biochemical control.
Immunoradiotherapy
Immunoradiotherapy is the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, most often checkpoint inhibitors, so radiation turns the tumor into an in-situ vaccine; its clinical anchor is the PACIFIC trial in lung cancer.
In vivo dosimetry
In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is the measurement of radiation dose actually delivered to a patient during radiotherapy, using detectors placed on the skin or inside body cavities to catch errors.
Intensity-modulated proton therapy
Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is a radiotherapy technique that optimizes every scanned proton spot, conforming dose to the tumor while sparing healthy tissue, first delivered at PSI in 1999.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an external-beam radiotherapy technique that modulates photon beamlets from multiple angles via computerized inverse planning, conformally targeting tumors while sparing organs at risk.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a radiation therapy technique that modulates the beam into many small beamlets, conforming dose to the tumor while sparing nearby organs at risk.
Involved-field radiation therapy
Involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) is a lymphoma radiotherapy technique treating only involved nodal regions rather than whole areas, later refined into the smaller involved-site volumes now standard.
Ion beam therapy
Ion beam therapy is external beam radiotherapy using accelerated charged ions, mainly protons and carbon ions, delivering a high dose inside tumors with steep falloff beyond them.
Ion radiation therapy
Ion radiation therapy treats cancer with charged particle beams, mainly protons and carbon ions, which deposit most of their dose inside the tumor and spare tissue beyond it.
Local radiotherapy
Local radiotherapy delivers ionizing radiation to a localized tumor or body region to destroy malignant cells while sparing healthy tissue, typically in daily 2 Gy fractions over several weeks.
Long-course chemoradiotherapy
Long-course chemoradiotherapy, also called long-course chemoradiation, is a neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer combining about five to six weeks of pelvic radiotherapy with fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy before surgery.
Low-dose rate brachytherapy
Low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique delivering continuous low doses over weeks to months, most commonly permanent seed implantation for localized prostate cancer.
Lung irradiation
Lung irradiation is radiation therapy delivered to lung tissue, mainly as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for localized tumors or whole-lung irradiation for diffuse metastases.
Lymphatic Irradiation
Lymphatic irradiation (lymphoid irradiation, total lymphoid irradiation, TLI): radiotherapy to lymphatic tissues for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymph node metastases, and autoimmune disease, evolved from mantle and inverted-Y fields to 20-30 Gy involved-site fields.
Metastasis-directed therapy
Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) is a cancer treatment strategy for patients with limited metastatic burden, typically 1 to 5 lesions, using ablative treatments such as SABR or metastasectomy.
Microdosimetric kinetic model
The microdosimetric kinetic (MK) model is a radiobiological model predicting cell survival and RBE for ion beams, introduced by Roland Hawkins in 1996 and used in Japanese carbon-ion therapy planning.
Minibeam radiation therapy
Minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) is a radiotherapy technique using arrays of narrow beamlets that spare normal tissue while treating tumors; first used clinically in 2024.
MR-guided radiation therapy
MR-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) is a radiotherapy technique that places an MRI scanner in the treatment room, enabling real-time tumor tracking, gating, and daily online plan adaptation.
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is radiation therapy given before surgical removal of a tumor, standard in rectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and esophageal cancer, where it lowers local recurrence.
Nodal radiotherapy
Nodal radiotherapy is the irradiation of regional lymph nodes in cancers such as lymphoma, prostate, and breast, ranging from elective whole-basin coverage to stereotactic treatment of single nodes.
Normal tissue complication probability model
The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model is a mathematical model in radiation oncology that converts the radiation dose to a healthy organ into an estimated complication risk.
Partial breast irradiation
Partial breast irradiation (PBI) is a radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer that treats only the lumpectomy bed plus a margin, in a shorter course than whole-breast irradiation.
Passive scattering proton therapy
Passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) is a proton radiotherapy delivery method that widens a narrow proton beam with scattering material to cover the whole tumor uniformly.
Pituitary Irradiation
Pituitary irradiation (pituitary gland irradiation, MeSH D010910) is radiotherapy to the pituitary, second- or third-line for pituitary adenomas; 45-50 Gy fractionated or SRS, control over 90% at 10 years, hypopituitarism 30-60% at 5-10 years.
Postmastectomy radiotherapy
Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is external-beam radiation to the chest wall and regional nodes after mastectomy, recommended for most node-positive breast cancer patients to reduce recurrence and improve survival.
Precision radiotherapy
Precision radiotherapy is a set of advanced radiotherapy techniques, including image-guided radiotherapy, IMRT, SBRT, proton therapy, and MR-guided linacs, that shrink targeting margins from centimeters to millimeters and enable daily plan adaptation.
Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy
Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) is a two-step nuclear medicine treatment for cancer in which a tumor-targeting antibody is given first and a radiolabeled molecule second, concentrating radiation in tumors while sparing normal tissue.