299 articles
Retroverted uterus
Retroverted uterus (tilted or tipped uterus): a uterus tilted backward toward the sacrum instead of forward, a normal variant in roughly 16–25% of women, usually asymptomatic, occasionally linked to dyspareunia, prolapse, and rare pregnancy incarceration.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix uteri
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix uteri, a rare embryonal (usually botryoid/polypoid) skeletal-muscle cancer of the cervix, peaks in the second decade, is treated with chemotherapy plus conservative surgery, and has the best survival among gynecologic rhabdomyosarcoma sites.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the corpus uteri
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the corpus uteri (uterine rhabdomyosarcoma) is an extremely rare, highly malignant uterine sarcoma from primitive mesenchymal cells with skeletal muscle differentiation, presenting with abnormal bleeding, linked to DICER1, and treated with surgery plus VAC chemotherapy.
Richard S. Legro
Richard S. Legro is an American reproductive endocrinologist and University Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Penn State, known for research on polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility trials.
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN), diverticulosis of the fallopian tube, is nodular isthmic swelling from epithelial invasion of the tubal muscle wall, first named by Chiari in 1887, strongly linked to infertility and ectopic pregnancy, diagnosed by HSG.
Salpingitis or oophoritis
Salpingitis or oophoritis (salpingo-oophoritis), ICD-11 GA07 / ICD-10 N70: inflammation of the fallopian tube, ovary, or both, usually from ascending gonococcal or chlamydial infection within pelvic inflammatory disease.
Secondary female infertility
Secondary female infertility (ICD-11 GA31.1) is infertility in a woman with at least one prior confirmed clinical pregnancy. Causes include tubal damage, ovulation disorders, endometriosis, fibroids, and prior pregnancy or surgical complications; it affects about 11% of US couples.
Secondary uterine inertia
Secondary uterine inertia, or arrested active phase of labor (ICD-10 O62.1, ICD-11 JB02.1), is the weakening or cessation of uterine contractions after initially adequate labor, treated with oxytocin augmentation or cesarean delivery.
Septate vagina
Septate vagina (congenital vaginal septum, double vagina; ORPHA:180154, ICD-10 Q52.1): a rare congenital malformation in which a longitudinal or transverse septum divides the vagina, often with associated uterine anomalies, causing tampon difficulty, dyspareunia, or obstructed labor.
Serous carcinoma of the corpus uteri
Serous carcinoma of the corpus uteri (uterine serous carcinoma, USC) is a rare, aggressive type II endometrial cancer, under 10% of cases but a large share of deaths, marked by TP53 mutation and treated with surgery plus chemotherapy.
Shoulder dystocia
Shoulder dystocia, also called impacted shoulders in vaginal birth, is an obstetric emergency where the fetal shoulder sticks behind the pubic bone after head delivery; managed with McRoberts maneuver, causing brachial plexus injury in 2.3–16% of cases.
Skene duct cyst
Skene duct cyst, also called paraurethral or Skene's gland cyst, is a benign cyst from obstruction of a Skene gland duct beside the distal female urethra; mostly under 1 cm and asymptomatic, distinguished from urethral diverticulum by absent urethral communication.
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), a rare aggressive ovarian cancer of young women, first described 1979, causing hypercalcemia in two-thirds of cases and driven by SMARCA4 loss.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri, also called cervical squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma (ICD-O 80703), is the most common cervical cancer type, arising from HPV-driven transformation of ectocervical squamous cells at the transformation zone.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri
Squamous cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri (endometrial squamous cell carcinoma, ICD-O 8070/3) is a rare uterine cancer, under 0.5% of endometrial carcinomas, affecting postmenopausal women with discharge, bleeding, pain, often with cervical stenosis and pyometra.
Squamous cell carcinoma of vagina
Squamous cell carcinoma of vagina (ICD-11 2C71.2; ICD-10 C52) is the most common vaginal cancer, about 80-90% of cases, usually HPV-driven, treated mainly with surgery or radiation.
States associated with artificial menopause
States associated with artificial menopause (ICD-11 GA30.3; ICD-10-CM N95.3) covers conditions caused by surgically or pharmacologically induced cessation of menstruation, including surgical menopause after bilateral oophorectomy and menopause from chemotherapy, pelvic radiation, or hormone therapy.
Superficial ovarian endometriosis
Superficial ovarian endometriosis (ICD-11 GA10.B4), also called ovarian endometriosis NOS, is endometriosis on the ovarian cortex with typical or subtle superficial lesions, distinct from cystic ovarian endometrioma; diagnosed mainly by laparoscopy.
Symptoms and complications of uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids, benign pelvic tumors affecting most women by menopause, cause symptoms in only about 30% of cases, most often heavy bleeding, pressure, and anemia.
Symptoms of endometriosis
Symptoms of endometriosis include severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, deep pain during sex, heavy bleeding, and infertility; symptoms usually begin in adolescence and often improve after menopause.
Teratoma
A teratoma, also called a dysembryoma, is a germ cell tumor that can contain hair, muscle, and bone, most often found in the ovaries, testicles, or tailbone.
Theca lutein cyst
Theca lutein cyst (hyperreactio luteinalis): bilateral multiseptated functional ovarian cysts caused by high hCG, seen in molar pregnancy, multiple gestation, and ovarian hyperstimulation; regress as hCG falls.
Third-stage haemorrhage
Third-stage haemorrhage (ICD-11 JA43.0; ICD-10 O72.0) is excessive bleeding during the third stage of labour, between fetal and placental delivery, typically from uterine atony or retained placenta.
Thoracic endometriosis
Thoracic endometriosis (thoracic endometriosis syndrome, TES): endometrial tissue in the chest causing catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis, and lung nodules; right-sided, treated with surgery plus hormonal therapy.
Threatened abortion
Threatened abortion, also called threatened miscarriage, is first-trimester vaginal bleeding with a closed cervix and a viable pregnancy before 20 weeks; about half of affected women miscarry, and progesterone helps only those with prior miscarriage.
Tight hymenal ring
Tight hymenal ring (rigid hymen, tight introitus; ICD-11 LB42.3, ICD-10-CM N89.6): a constricted hymenal opening causing dyspareunia and tampon or penetration difficulty, distinct from imperforate hymen, managed with dilation or minor surgery.
Triple-negative breast cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer whose cells lack estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 protein, leaving chemotherapy and newer drugs as main treatments.
Tubal factor infertility
Tubal factor infertility, also called tubal disease infertility, is infertility from blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, most often after pelvic inflammatory disease; it causes about 20% of infertility and is treated with tubal surgery or IVF, with hydrosalpinx managed before IVF.
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), a pus-filled inflammatory mass of the fallopian tube and ovary, complicates up to 15% of pelvic inflammatory disease cases; treated with IV antibiotics, image-guided drainage, or surgery.
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the corpus uteri
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the corpus uteri, also called endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma (UEC), is a rare, aggressive uterine cancer of undifferentiated cells, first distinctly defined in 2005.