252 articles
Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray
Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray (苯环喹溴铵鼻喷雾剂, brand Biliting) is Yingu Pharmaceutical's class 1 Chinese new drug, a selective M1/M3 anticholinergic spray approved in March 2020 for allergic rhinitis nasal symptoms, with a 2025 common-cold indication added.
Benzonatate
Benzonatate (Tessalon) is a non-narcotic prescription oral antitussive approved by the FDA in 1958, chemically related to tetracaine, that anesthetizes pulmonary stretch receptors; dosed up to 600 mg daily, with fatal overdose risk in children under 10.
Benzquinamide
Benzquinamide is a discontinued synthetic benzoquinolizine drug developed by Pfizer, marketed as Quantril for anxiety and as Emete-Con, an injectable antiemetic approved in 1974, with sedative and antihistaminic properties.
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Beta2-adrenergic agonists (beta2-agonists, SABA/LABA such as salbutamol, salmeterol, formoterol) are bronchodilator drugs stimulating airway beta2 receptors, frontline for asthma and COPD, developed from 1900s adrenaline through 1968 salbutamol to modern ICS-combination therapy.
Bevenopran
Bevenopran (ADL-5945, CB-5945) is an oral peripheral μ-opioid receptor antagonist developed for opioid-induced constipation; it reached Phase 3 trials under Adolor and Cubist but was discontinued in 2013 and never approved.
Bifendate
Bifendate (联苯双酯, DDB, CAS 73536-69-3) is a Chinese synthetic ALT-lowering hepatoprotective drug derived from schisandrin C of Schisandra chinensis, developed in the 1970s and marketed in the early 1980s.
Bisacodyl
Bisacodyl, a diphenylmethane stimulant laxative sold since the 1950s, is a prodrug converted by intestinal mucosal enzymes to BHPM; it treats constipation via dual prokinetic and secretory action, orally (6-12 h onset) or rectally (15-60 min).
Bismuth quadruple therapy
Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is a four-drug regimen of a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole that eradicates Helicobacter pylori; the 2024 ACG guideline names it the preferred first-line treatment when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown.
Bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS, Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) is an OTC antidiarrheal and stomach remedy, C7H5BiO4, that converts in the gut to salicylic acid and poorly absorbed bismuth salts; used for diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea prevention.
Bitolterol
Bitolterol (Tornalate, bitolterol mesylate) is a discontinued inhaled beta-2 agonist bronchodilator prodrug of colterol for asthma and COPD, FDA-approved 1984 and withdrawn in 2001.
Brensocatib
Brensocatib (Brinsupri, INS1007/AZD7986) is an oral DPP-1 inhibitor approved 2025-2026 for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in patients 12 and older, reducing exacerbations about 20% in the ASPEN trial.
Bromhexine
Bromhexine, a vasicine-derived mucoactive drug marketed since 1963, is an OTC mucolytic/expectorant for productive cough; metabolized to ambroxol, TMPRSS2 inhibitor, small SCAR risk per 2015 EMA review.
Bromopride
Bromopride (bromoprida), a D2 dopamine antagonist prokinetic and antiemetic related to metoclopramide, marketed in Brazil, Italy, and Taiwan but not the US; used for nausea, vomiting, and motility disorders.
Budesonide
Budesonide, a non-fluorinated 16α,17α-acetal corticosteroid developed by Astra (approved 1981), is an inhaled asthma/COPD anti-inflammatory and enteric-coated Crohn's disease treatment, also combined with formoterol (Symbicort) and albuterol (Airsupra).
Camicinal
Camicinal (GSK962040) is GlaxoSmithKline's investigational small-molecule, selective motilin receptor agonist for gastroparesis. It accelerated gastric emptying in healthy volunteers and critically ill patients but failed its Phase 2 diabetic gastroparesis symptom endpoint and was not advanced to approval.
Camlipixant
Camlipixant (BLU-5937, GSK5464714) is GSK's investigational selective P2X3 receptor antagonist for refractory chronic cough, developed by BELLUS Health; SOOTHE phase 2b cut cough frequency ~34%, but CALM-2 phase 3 missed its endpoint.
Camostat
Camostat (camostat mesilate, also FOY-305, sold as Foipan) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor approved in Japan and South Korea for chronic pancreatitis and postoperative reflux esophagitis.
Carbetapentane
Carbetapentane (pentoxyverine) is a non-opioid central antitussive for cold, flu, bronchitis, and sinusitis cough; sigma-1 agonist (Ki 75 nM) with antimuscarinic and local anesthetic actions; ATC R05DB05; FDA nonmonograph since 1987.
Casopitant
Casopitant, development code GW679769 and proposed brand name Zunrisa, is an NK1 receptor antagonist developed by GlaxoSmithKline against nausea and vomiting; its European marketing application was withdrawn in 2009 over safety data needs.
Chlophedianol
Chlophedianol (clofedanol, SL-501) is a centrally acting, non-opioid OTC antitussive, C17H20ClNO, used for dry cough in US combination liquids like Ninjacof; mechanism poorly understood, few clinical trials.
Ciclesonide
Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris, Zetonna) is a prodrug corticosteroid inhaled for asthma and sprayed nasally for allergic rhinitis; activated by airway esterases to des-CIC, with low oral bioavailability and comparatively few systemic adverse effects.
Cilomilast
Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB 207499) is an oral, second-generation, PDE4D-selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor developed by GSK for COPD and asthma; modest phase III efficacy, gastrointestinal side effects, and FDA non-approval led to discontinuation.
Cimetidine
Cimetidine (Tagamet), a histamine H2-receptor antagonist developed by James Black's team at Smith Kline & French and approved in England in 1976; the first $1-billion-a-year drug and a breakthrough ulcer treatment.
Cimetropium
Cimetropium (cimetropium bromide) is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic antispasmodic, a semisynthetic scopolamine derivative (ATC A03BB05) studied for irritable bowel syndrome and infantile colic; never approved in the US or Canada.
Clidinium
Clidinium (clidinium bromide, brand Quarzan) is a synthetic anticholinergic muscarinic M1/M3 antagonist that reduces stomach acid and bowel spasms; combined with chlordiazepoxide as Librax (FDA approved 1966) for peptic ulcer, IBS, and enterocolitis.
Clobutinol
Clobutinol (Silomat) is a non-opioid, centrally acting cough suppressant marketed from 1961 and withdrawn in 2007 after a study showed QT prolongation and arrhythmia risk; Brazil's Anvisa suspended it in April 2026.
Cobitolimod
Cobitolimod (DIMS0150, Kappaproct), an InDex Pharmaceuticals topical DNA oligonucleotide TLR9 agonist enema for left-sided ulcerative colitis; phase 2b CONDUCT met its endpoint at 250 mg, but phase 3 CONCLUDE failed and development was discontinued in 2024.
Colestilan chloride
Colestilan chloride (MCI-196; brands BindRen, Cholebine, Japanese name コレスチミド) is a non-absorbed, non-calcium phosphate binder and bile acid sequestrant lowering phosphorus and LDL-C in dialysis patients; EU authorization withdrawn in 2015.
Colfosceril palmitate
Colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf, Exosurf Neonatal), a protein-free synthetic lung surfactant of DPPC, hexadecanol, and tyloxapol (85:9:6), FDA approved August 1990 for neonatal RDS, inferior to animal-derived surfactants and withdrawn.
Danthron
Danthron (dantron, chrysazin, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, CAS 117-10-2) is an anthraquinone formerly used as a laxative, withdrawn in the US in 1999 and classified as a carcinogen by NTP and IARC.