252 articles
Senna glycoside
Senna glycosides (sennosides A, B, C, D), anthraquinone dianthrones from Senna alexandrina leaves and pods, are stimulant laxatives used short-term for constipation and bowel cleansing, acting via gut-bacterial conversion to rhein anthrone.
Seratrodast
Seratrodast (brand name Bronica) is an oral thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist developed as an anti-asthmatic drug, marketed in Japan since 1995 and known for hepatotoxicity risk.
Simeticone
Simeticone (simethicone), a polydimethylsiloxane plus silica antifoaming agent, relieves gas-related bloating and improves colonoscopy bowel preparation; not absorbed, ineffective for infant colic, and a reprocessing biofilm concern.
Sivelestat
Sivelestat (Elaspol, Xiweina; ONO-5046, LY544349) is an intravenous, selective reversible neutrophil elastase inhibitor approved in Japan (2002), South Korea (2005), and China (2020) for SIRS-related acute lung injury/ARDS; efficacy evidence is mixed, strongest in sepsis-related ARDS.
Sucralfate
Sucralfate is a locally acting aluminum sucrose octasulfate antiulcer drug that forms an ulcer-adherent barrier against acid, pepsin, and bile salts; used for duodenal ulcer treatment and maintenance, with renal and drug-interaction cautions.
Sudafed
Sudafed is a Kenvue brand of decongestants whose original products contain pseudoephedrine, sold behind US pharmacy counters under the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005; Sudafed PE contains phenylephrine, judged ineffective orally by FDA advisers in 2023.
Surfactant therapy
Surfactant therapy is the administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant into the lungs, principally of premature newborns, to treat respiratory distress syndrome, reducing mortality most in infants under 30 weeks' gestation.
Syrup of ipecac
Syrup of ipecac, an emetic once kept in homes to induce vomiting after poison ingestion, causes vomiting within 20-30 minutes but shows no proven benefit, may reduce activated charcoal effectiveness, and is no longer manufactured or recommended.
Teduglutide
Teduglutide (GATTEX, Revestive), a GLP-2 analog peptide, treats short bowel syndrome with parenteral support dependence; approved 2012 (EU/US), pediatric US approval 2019, dose 0.05 mg/kg daily.
Tegaserod
Tegaserod (Zelnorm), a partial 5-HT4 receptor agonist for IBS-C and chronic constipation; FDA-approved 2002, withdrawn 2007 over cardiovascular ischemic signals, reintroduced 2019 for low-risk women under 65, withdrawn 2022.
Tegoprazan
Tegoprazan (K-CAB, CJ-12420, 케이캡정) is a potassium-competitive acid blocker from HK inno.N, approved in South Korea in 2018 for GERD, non-inferior to PPIs for erosive esophagitis healing, with US FDA NDA filed January 2026.
Telotristat
Telotristat (Xermelo, telotristat ethyl/etiprate) is an oral tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor approved in 2017 for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea in adults inadequately controlled by somatostatin analog therapy; 250 mg three times daily with food.
Tenapanor
Tenapanor (IBSRELA, XPHOZAH) is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed intestinal NHE3 inhibitor approved for IBS-C in adults and for serum phosphorus control in dialysis patients.
Teprenone
Teprenone (geranylgeranylacetone, GGA, brand Selbex) is an Asian anti-ulcer mucosal-protective drug, ATC A02BX15, that induces HSP70; it reduces NSAID-induced GI ulcers versus placebo (RR 0.37) but underperforms PPIs and H2RAs.
Terbutaline
Terbutaline (Bricanyl, Brethine) is a short-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilator approved by the FDA in 1974 for bronchospasm in asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema; contraindicated for tocolysis.
Tetryzoline
Tetryzoline (tetrahydrozoline), an imidazoline alpha-1 adrenergic agonist decongestant since 1959, used in Visine eye drops (0.05%) and Tyzine nasal spray; toxic if ingested, especially by children.
Tezacaftor
Tezacaftor (VX-661) is a Vertex CFTR corrector for cystic fibrosis, given with ivacaftor as Symdeko and in triple regimens Trikafta and Alyftrek; FEV1 +4.0 points, exacerbations down 35%.
Tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy
Tezacaftor/ivacaftor, sold as Symdeko in the US and Symkevi in Europe, is an oral combination therapy for cystic fibrosis, pairing a CFTR corrector with a potentiator, approved in 2018.
Theophylline
Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine), a methylxanthine bronchodilator related to caffeine, treats asthma and COPD; narrow 5-20 mcg/mL therapeutic window, PDE inhibition and HDAC-mediated anti-inflammatory action, now alternative therapy.
Thiethylperazine
Thiethylperazine (Torecan, GS-95, Norzine) is a piperazine phenothiazine dopamine-antagonist antiemetic for nausea, vomiting, and vertigo; FDA approved 1961, discontinued in the US, broad receptor profile, investigated for Alzheimer's amyloid clearance.
Tilactase
Tilactase, the INN for lactase (beta-galactosidase, CAS 9031-11-2, ATC A09AA04), is an oral fungal acid lactase from Aspergillus oryzae taken before dairy to relieve lactose intolerance symptoms.
Timapiprant
Timapiprant (OC000459) is an oral indole-acetic acid CRTH2/DP2 antagonist blocking PGD2-driven Th2 and eosinophil activation, trialed for eosinophilic asthma and allergic rhinitis with mixed results.
Tiotropium bromide
Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva, Braltus) is a once-daily inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist bronchodilator, FDA-approved 2004 for COPD and later as asthma add-on, with kinetic selectivity for M1/M3 receptors.
Tiropramide
Tiropramide (CR 605, ATC A03AC05) is a racemic tyrosine-derivative antispasmodic that relaxes smooth muscle by raising cAMP and shifting calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum; used for abdominal spasm and IBS, non-inferior to octylonium.
TQC3721
TQC3721 (TQC-3721) is an inhaled dual PDE3/4 inhibitor by Chia Tai Tianqing for COPD; positive PACER-II phase 2 data, phase III underway, licensed to AstraZeneca in 2026.
Tradipitant
Tradipitant (NEREUS, LY686017, VLY-686) is a selective NK-1 receptor antagonist approved by the FDA in December 2025 to prevent motion-induced vomiting in adults; dosed 85 or 170 mg, half-life 34 hours.
Trimebutine
Trimebutine (trimebutine maleate; brands Modulon, Debridat) is a non-FDA-approved spasmolytic for IBS and postoperative paralytic ileus, acting via opioid receptors, peptide release, and calcium channels; ATC A03AA05, up to 600 mg/day.
Trimethobenzamide
Trimethobenzamide, sold in the United States under the brand name Tigan, is a prescription antiemetic approved in 1974 that treats postoperative nausea and vomiting and nausea from gastroenteritis in adults.
Tums
Tums is an American antacid brand of chewable calcium carbonate tablets, created in 1928 by pharmacist James Howe, introduced 1930, made in St. Louis, now owned by Haleon, used for heartburn relief.
Tyloxapol
Tyloxapol (CAS 25301-02-4) is a non-ionic detergent surfactant used as an inhaled mucolytic (Tacholiquin, Alevaire) and as the dispersion component of Exosurf Neonatal, with in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.