Medicines and therapeutics

C-CAR066 (CD20 CAR-T)

C-CAR066, an autologous fully human anti-CD20 CAR-T therapy from AbelZeta Pharma (formerly CBMG), licensed to Janssen in 2023 for $245M upfront; phase 1 in post-CD19 CAR-T relapsed/refractory LBCL showed 92.9% ORR, 57.1% CR, no ICANS.

CABANA trial

CABANA (NCT00911508) was a 2204-patient, 126-center randomized trial comparing catheter ablation with drug therapy in atrial fibrillation; primary composite endpoint was not significantly reduced (HR 0.86).

Cabazitaxel

Cabazitaxel (Jevtana, XRP6258) is a Sanofi taxane microtubule inhibitor approved by the FDA in June 2010 with prednisone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel, based on the TROPIC trial.

Cabotegravir

Cabotegravir (Vocabria, Apretude, Cabenuva) is an HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor from ViiV Healthcare, given as a 600 mg intramuscular injection every 2 months for PrEP and with rilpivirine for HIV treatment.

Sep 29, 2026

Cabozantinib/nivolumab regimen

The cabozantinib/nivolumab regimen combines the oral kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (Cabometyx) with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo), approved in 2021 for first-line advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Cadazolid

Cadazolid (ACT-179811) is a first-in-class quinoxolidinone antibiotic, an oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone hybrid developed by Actelion for Clostridium difficile infection; it inhibits protein synthesis but failed non-inferiority in one phase 3 IMPACT trial and was abandoned.

Cadonilimab

Cadonilimab (AK104, 开坦尼), Akeso's tetravalent PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody with Fc-null design; first dual immune checkpoint bispecific approved (NMPA, June 2022) for cervical cancer, later gastric cancer.

CAENLVLTELPMA trial

CAENLVLTELPMA (NCT07372014) is a phase 4, quadruple-masked randomized trial at Mexico City's Conde de Valenciana eye institute testing nepafenac 0.1% plus lubricant versus lubricant alone for epiphora from punctal stenosis in 68 adults over eight weeks.

Caffeine

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, methyltheobromine, theine) is a methylxanthine alkaloid and the world's most consumed psychoactive drug, acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist, metabolized by CYP1A2, with a 2.5-4.5 hour adult half-life.

Caficrestat

Caficrestat (AT-001) is an orally active, highly selective aldose reductase inhibitor from Applied Therapeutics tested in the Phase 3 ARISE-HF trial for diabetic cardiomyopathy; the primary endpoint was not met.

Calcium glubionate anhydrous

Calcium glubionate anhydrous (calcium gluconogalactogluconate, UNII 3CF7K0SD0Q) is a water-soluble calcium salt of gluconic and lactobionic acids used as an oral syrup and injectable supplement for hypocalcemia, with only 7% elemental calcium by weight.

Calcium gluceptate

Calcium gluceptate, also known by the international nonproprietary name calcium glucoheptonate, is a soluble calcium salt used as a supplement to treat and prevent hypocalcemia.

Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate, the calcium salt of gluconic acid, is an IV and oral calcium replenisher for hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia cardiotoxicity, and hydrofluoric acid burns; first isolated 1880, US approval 1941, safer than calcium chloride peripherally.

Camicinal

Camicinal (GSK962040) is GlaxoSmithKline's investigational small-molecule, selective motilin receptor agonist for gastroparesis. It accelerated gastric emptying in healthy volunteers and critically ill patients but failed its Phase 2 diabetic gastroparesis symptom endpoint and was not advanced to approval.

Camlipixant

Camlipixant (BLU-5937, GSK5464714) is GSK's investigational selective P2X3 receptor antagonist for refractory chronic cough, developed by BELLUS Health; SOOTHE phase 2b cut cough frequency ~34%, but CALM-2 phase 3 missed its endpoint.

Camostat

Camostat (camostat mesilate, also FOY-305, sold as Foipan) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor approved in Japan and South Korea for chronic pancreatitis and postoperative reflux esophagitis.

CAMP trial

The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) trial was an NHLBI-sponsored multicenter randomized trial in 1,041 children aged 5-12 with mild-to-moderate asthma, testing budesonide, nedocromil, or placebo plus albuterol; neither drug improved lung growth, budesonide improved control, and a small persistent height reduction occurred.

Camrelizumab

Camrelizumab (AiRuiKa, SHR-1210), Jiangsu Hengrui's humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody; first approved in China 2019 for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, later nine NMPA indications; not FDA approved.

Canagliflozin

Canagliflozin (Invokana) is an SGLT2 inhibitor approved in the US in 2013 for type 2 diabetes, later for cardiovascular and kidney risk reduction; CANVAS and CREDENCE trials established its benefits, and its 2017 amputation boxed warning was removed in 2020.

Cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy: treatments that harness the immune system against tumors, chiefly checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4), CAR-T cells, bispecifics, and vaccines; ~20-30% metastatic response rates, durable remissions, immune-related toxicities.

Cancer vaccine

Cancer vaccine: immunization against cancer, either preventive (HPV vaccines such as Gardasil 9) or therapeutic (sipuleucel-T, T-VEC, personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccines like intismeran/V940), distinguished from infectious-disease vaccines by targeting tumor antigens.

Candesartan

Candesartan (Atacand, candesartan cilexetil) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker approved in 1998 for hypertension and heart failure; selective AT1 blocker dosed 8–32 mg once daily.

Candicidin

Candicidin, also known as levorin or ascosin (same major components), is a polyene aromatic heptaene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus that binds ergosterol; formerly used vaginally against candidiasis.

Canertinib

Canertinib (CI-1033, PD 183805) is Pfizer's oral irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR, HER2, HER4; IC50 0.8, 19, 7 nM) that reached phase II trials in breast and ovarian cancer but was never approved and development stopped.

Canfosfamide

Canfosfamide (TLK286, Telcyta) is a glutathione analogue prodrug activated by GST P1-1 into a DNA-alkylating metabolite; phase III trials in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer showed no significant overall benefit.

Cangrelor

Cangrelor (Kengreal, Kengrexal) is a rapid-onset, reversible intravenous P2Y12 platelet inhibitor used as an adjunct to PCI and for bridging to surgery; FDA approved 2015 after the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial.

Cannabidiol

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis constituent, is approved as purified Epidiolex for Lennox-Gastaut, Dravet, and tuberous sclerosis seizures; weak CB1 binding, CYP2C19/3A4 metabolism, liver and clobazam interaction risks, and mislabeled consumer products distinguish it.

Canrenoate

Canrenoate (canrenoic acid; potassium canrenoate, Soldactone) is a steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist prodrug converted to canrenone, given orally or intravenously for aldosterone blockade in heart failure and hypertension, with scarce trial evidence.

Canrenone

Canrenone (Aldadiene, SC-9376) is a synthetic steroid lactone that blocks aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor, acting as a potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure and hypertension and marketed in countries including Italy and Belgium.