289 articles
Hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit, Cobalin-H, Neo-Cytamen) is a manufactured vitamin B12 (cobalamin) form given by injection for B12 deficiency and, at 5 g IV, as a cyanide-poisoning antidote; preferred in the UK over cyanocobalamin for longer retention.
iLiNS-DYAD-M trial
iLiNS-DYAD-M (NCT01239693) was a randomized controlled trial in Mangochi district, Malawi, testing 20 g daily lipid-based nutrient supplements for pregnant women and infants against iron-folic acid and multiple micronutrients; it found no effect on birth outcomes, growth, or development.
Infant formula
Infant formula: manufactured breast-milk substitute for babies under 12 months, sold as powder, concentrate, or ready-to-feed; FDA-regulated with 30 required nutrients, exempt specialty formulas, and recent botulism outbreaks and Operation Stork Speed review.
Inherited disorders of cobalamin processing
Inherited disorders of cobalamin processing (cblA-cblJ complementation groups) are autosomal recessive, except X-linked cblX, inborn errors impairing vitamin B12 conversion to AdoCbl and MeCbl, causing methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria; cblC is most common.
Integrated Child Development Services
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), India's 1975 flagship programme for children 0-6, pregnant women, and lactating mothers, delivering six services through over 1.3 million Anganwadi centres; now subsumed under Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (IJSNEM), Human Kinetics bimonthly journal since 2000, official journal of the International Society of Sport Nutrition, ISSN 1526-484X, MEDLINE and Scopus indexed.
Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor (gastric intrinsic factor, GIF) is a parietal-cell glycoprotein that binds vitamin B12 for cubam-receptor absorption in the terminal ileum; its loss causes pernicious anemia, first demonstrated by Castle in 1928.
Inverted sugar syrup
Inverted sugar syrup (invert syrup, invert sugar, CAS 8013-17-0) is a liquid sweetener made by hydrolyzing sucrose into roughly equal glucose and fructose using acid or invertase, used in confectionery, baking, brewing, and bee feed.
Iodised salt
Iodised salt is food-grade salt fortified with iodine (potassium iodide or iodate) to prevent goitre and iodine deficiency disorders; WHO recommends universal salt iodization, adopted in 126 countries with mandatory legislation as of 2021.
James Collins (nutritionist)
James Collins (James N. Collins), British sport and exercise nutritionist; Arsenal FC's first Head of Nutrition (2010, seven seasons), lead author of the UEFA Expert Group Statement on Nutrition in Elite Football, author of The Energy Plan, and founder of INTRA Performance Group.
Jessica Knurick
Jessica Knurick, PhD, RDN, is an American registered dietitian and nutrition scientist (ASU PhD 2015, UNLV faculty) known for debunking MAHA and wellness misinformation to over 1.4 million Instagram followers.
John Harvey Kellogg
John Harvey Kellogg (1852–1943), American physician, surgeon, and eugenicist who directed the Battle Creek Sanitarium, invented Granola and corn flakes with brother W.K. Kellogg, and was disfellowshipped from the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1907.
Joseph Mercola
Joseph Mercola, American osteopathic physician and founder of Mercola.com (1997), a major natural-health and supplement business; three-time NYT bestselling author, recipient of FDA and FTC enforcement actions, and a CCDH-named 'Disinformation Dozen' member.
Juice Plus
Juice Plus+ (Juice Plus), brand of fruit, vegetable, and berry juice-powder supplements by The Juice Plus+ Company (formerly NSA, founded 1970 by Jay Martin), sold via MLM; FTC and DSSRC scrutiny of health and earnings claims.
Kabanos
Kabanos (kabanosy): thin Polish dry pork sausage, smoked and dried, eaten cold as a snack; EU TSG-registered since 2011 with fixed composition limits (protein ≥15%, fat ≤35%).
Ketchup as a vegetable
Ketchup as a vegetable: 1981 USDA proposal under Reagan to credit ketchup and pickle relish toward school lunch vegetable requirements after budget cuts; ridiculed, cancelled September 25, 1981, never enacted.
Kevin Trudeau
Kevin Trudeau, American infomercial marketer and author of Natural Cures and The Weight Loss Cure, repeatedly sanctioned by the FTC, fined $37 million, and sentenced in 2014 to 10 years in prison for criminal contempt; released in 2022.
Korsakoff syndrome
Korsakoff syndrome (Korsakoff psychosis), chronic amnestic phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, caused by thiamine deficiency, usually alcohol-related; marked by global amnesia, confabulation, mammillary body and thalamic damage, treated with parenteral thiamine.
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is the edematous form of severe acute malnutrition, marked by pitting swelling in children around weaning; the name, from Ghana's Kwa language, means "the sickness of the weaning."
L-carnitine L-tartrate
L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT), also called levocarnitine tartrate, is the tartrate salt of L-carnitine used as a dietary supplement and infant-formula ingredient; GRAS-notified (GRN 993) and bioequivalent to free L-carnitine.
L-Methylfolate (calcium salt)
Calcium L-methylfolate, also called levomefolate calcium or Metafolin, is the calcium salt of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant natural form of folate, used in supplements and fortified foods.
Linda Hazzard
Linda Burfield Hazzard (1867-1938), the 'Starvation Doctor' of Olalla, Washington, ran a fasting sanitarium called Starvation Heights; licensed as a Fasting Specialist without a medical degree, she was convicted of manslaughter in 1912 after at least 14 patients starved to death, and died during her own fast cure in 1938.
Lisa Lillien
Lisa Lillien, known professionally as Hungry Girl, is an American author and TV personality whose brand grew from a 2004 email into bestselling cookbooks and shows.
List of macronutrients
List of macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, the calorie-containing nutrients needed in large amounts, plus water and macrominerals; energy yields 4, 4, and 9 kcal/g and AMDR ranges 45-65%, 10-35%, 25-35% of calories.
List of vegetable oils
List of vegetable oils: edible plant oils (palm, soybean, canola, sunflower, olive, coconut, and others) from seeds, nuts, and fruits; global production near 228–234.5 million metric tons, classified by fatty acid profile, with refining, cold-pressed, and health-evidence distinctions.
Magnesium L-threonate
Magnesium L-threonate (Magtein) is a vitamin C metabolite magnesium salt marketed for brain health; EFSA and UK ACNFP assessed it safe as a novel food at up to 3,000 mg/day, delivering only ~145 mg elemental magnesium.
Magnus Pyke
Magnus Pyke (1908-1992), British food scientist and broadcaster, presenter of Yorkshire TV's Don't Ask Me with Miriam Stoppard and David Bellamy; Pye Award 1975, OBE 1978, and the shouting "Science!" voice on Thomas Dolby's She Blinded Me with Science.
Malnutrition in India
Malnutrition in India covers child stunting, wasting, anemia, and rising obesity. Stunting fell from 48% (2005) to 35.5% (2019); India ranked 107/121 in GHI 2022, a ranking the government rejected; POSHAN Abhiyaan (2018) and ICDS lead the response.
Malnutrition in pregnancy
Malnutrition in pregnancy (ICD-11 JA64), also called maternal undernutrition or overnutrition, is a diet lacking or excess in nutrients; balanced energy-protein supplementation reduces stillbirth and low birth weight, high-protein supplements may harm.
Manganese deficiency
Manganese deficiency, lack of the trace element Mn, is among the rarest human nutritional deficiencies; only one experimental case (Doisy 1973) exists, with proposed symptoms of poor bone formation, rash, and mood change.