25,729 articles
Blue Brain Project
Blue Brain Project: Swiss EPFL brain-simulation initiative led by Henry Markram, 2005–2024, using IBM and HPE supercomputers to digitally reconstruct rat and mouse neocortical microcircuits, culminating in the 2015 31,000-neuron reconstruction and a whole mouse brain model.
Blue cone monochromatism
Blue cone monochromatism (blue cone monochromacy, S-cone monochromatism) is a rare X-linked recessive retinal disorder caused by OPN1LW/OPN1MW mutations at Xq28 that inactivate red and green cones, leaving rods and blue cones, with nystagmus, photophobia, myopia, and acuity about 6/24 to 6/60.
Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
Blue Cross Blue Shield Association (BCBSA): national federation of about 33 independent Blue Cross and Blue Shield licensees covering one in three Americans; grew from the 1929 Baylor Plan, licenses marks for exclusive service areas, settled a 2020 antitrust case.
Blue diaper syndrome
Blue diaper syndrome, also called Drummond syndrome, is a rare metabolic disorder present from birth in which poor tryptophan absorption causes diarrhea and blue-stained diapers.
Blue field entoptic phenomenon
Blue field entoptic phenomenon, or Scheerer's phenomenon: bright moving dots seen against blue sky, caused by white blood cells passing through macular retinal capillaries; used to measure macular blood flow.
Blue laser imaging
Blue laser imaging (BLI) is an image-enhanced endoscopy technique launched by Fujifilm in 2012 that uses 410 nm laser light to highlight superficial microvessels in the digestive tract.
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, also called Bean syndrome, is a rare disorder causing multiple venous malformations in the skin and gastrointestinal tract, often with bleeding and anemia.
Blue sclera
Blue sclera (blue sclerae), ICD-11 LA11.0: a blue, gray, or purplish tint of the eye's white sclera from translucency letting the uvea show through. Causes include osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, iron deficiency, and drugs such as minocycline.
Blue Whale Challenge
Blue Whale Challenge, also called the Blue Whale game or suicide game, is an internet urban legend from Russian VKontakte groups (2015-2016) about a 50-task self-harm game ending in suicide; investigations found no app, platform, or verified deaths, making it a moral panic.
Blunt cardiac injury
Blunt cardiac injury (BCI), formerly myocardial contusion, is heart injury from blunt chest trauma, mainly motor vehicle collisions. Screening uses admission ECG plus troponin I; both normal rule out BCI.
Blunt splenic trauma
Blunt splenic trauma: spleen injury from non-penetrating force, also called blunt splenic injury. Non-operative management is standard in hemodynamically stable patients; failure under 10% overall, up to 75% in grade V; splenic artery embolization is the key adjunct.
Blunt trauma
Blunt trauma, also called blunt force trauma, is injury from forceful impact without skin breach (falls, motor vehicle crashes, blows, blasts). It causes contusions, abrasions, lacerations, and fractures, and accounts for most serious traumatic injuries.
BM-962 / UBX1325 (foselutoclax)
Foselutoclax (UBX1325, BM-962) is Unity Biotechnology's intravitreal senolytic BCL-xL inhibitor prodrug releasing UBX0601, trialed in Phase 1-2 studies (BEHOLD, ENVISION, ASPIRE) for diabetic macular edema and wet AMD; unapproved, Unity no longer operating.
BME-SNE trial
BME-SNE trial (NCT07477145): Cairo University randomized controlled trial comparing body mind exercises, specific neck exercises, combined exercises, and conventional physical therapy alone in 80 patients with chronic mechanical neck pain; not yet recruiting, estimated 2026.
BMJ : British medical journal
The BMJ (British Medical Journal) is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal founded 3 October 1840 as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal, published in London by BMJ Group under the British Medical Association, titled BMJ from 1988 and The BMJ from 2014.
BNAR syndrome
BNAR syndrome (bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies, OMIM 608980) is a very rare autosomal recessive FREM1-related congenital anomaly syndrome: bifid bulbous nose, variable anorectal and renal defects, normal intellect.
BNT327 (PM8002)
BNT327, also known as PM8002 and pumitamig, is an investigational bispecific antibody binding PD-L1 and VEGF-A, discovered by Biotheus and licensed to BioNTech in 2023.
Boanmycin
Boanmycin (博安霉素), or bleomycin A6, is a Chinese-developed glycopeptide antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces verticillus var. pingyangensis; its hydrochloride injection was approved as a class-1 new drug in 2004, with phase II response rates of 35.0% single-agent and 64.2% combination, and low lung toxicity versus bleomycin.
Bob Harper (personal trainer)
Bob Harper, American personal trainer and author, longest-serving trainer on NBC's The Biggest Loser (all 17 seasons, 2004–2016) and host of its 2020 reboot; survived a 2017 widowmaker heart attack; author of The Skinny Rules.
Bob S. Carter
Bob S. Carter is an American neurosurgeon-scientist who became CEO of University of Utah Health in 2025 and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2024.
Bobath concept
Bobath concept, or neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT), is a neurological rehabilitation approach developed by Karel and Berta Bobath in 1940s London for stroke and cerebral palsy; systematic reviews find it not superior to task-specific training.
Bobby R. Alford
Bobby R. Alford (1932–2018) was an American otolaryngologist who chaired Baylor College of Medicine's otolaryngology department in Houston for 43 years and founded the NASA-sponsored National Space Biomedical Research Institute.
Bobby Wilson (mathematician)
Bobby Wilson is an American mathematician at the University of Washington who works in geometric measure theory, dispersive PDE, and harmonic analysis, and received a 2025 PECASE award.
Boceprevir
Boceprevir (Victrelis, SCH 503034), an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2011 with telaprevir for genotype 1 hepatitis C; now replaced by interferon-free oral DAAs.
Bocidelpar
Bocidelpar (ASP0367, bocidelpar sulfate, formerly MA-0211) is an oral selective PPARδ modulator by Astellas/Mitobridge for mitochondrial myopathy and DMD; phase 2 MOUNTAINSIDE was terminated.
Bococizumab
Bococizumab (PF-04950615, RN316) was Pfizer's humanized anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody that lowered LDL cholesterol about 56% but was discontinued in 2016 after antidrug antibodies attenuated its effect and SPIRE outcome trials failed.
Bodhana/rodhana
Bodhana (rodhana), the sixth samskara of Parada (mercury) in Rasashastra, restores mercury's potency (virility) via salt-bath treatment after Patana, removing its 'impotency' before Niyamana; distinct from the Navaratra goddess-awakening rite of the same name.
Bodily distress disorder
Bodily distress disorder (BDD) is the ICD-11 diagnosis of distressing bodily symptoms with excessive attention and impaired functioning, replacing ICD-10 somatoform disorders and neurasthenia, with mild, moderate, and severe specifiers.
Body adiposity index
The body adiposity index (BAI) estimates body fat percentage from hip circumference and height alone, proposed by Richard Bergman in 2011 as an alternative to BMI.
Body cavity
Body cavity: the fluid-filled internal spaces of animals, including the coelom (mesoderm-lined cavity) and the human dorsal and ventral cavities (cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominopelvic) with their serous membranes and embryonic origin.