25,729 articles
Bushy cell
Bushy cell: a principal neuron of the ventral cochlear nucleus with short bushy dendrites, two types (spherical, globular), endbulb of Held inputs, and projections for binaural sound localization.
Buspirone
Buspirone (Buspar) is an azapirone anxiolytic and 5-HT1A partial agonist approved by the FDA in 1986 for generalized anxiety disorder, with delayed 2-4 week onset, no GABA or benzodiazepine activity, and no abuse potential.
Busulfan
Busulfan, sold as Myleran and Busulfex, is an alkylating chemotherapy drug introduced in London in 1953 that was the mainstay treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia before tyrosine kinase inhibitors displaced it.
Butabarbital
Butabarbital (Butisol Sodium, secbutobarbitone) is an intermediate-acting oral barbiturate sedative-hypnotic used short-term for insomnia, anxiety, and preoperative sedation; schedule III in the US, with tolerance after about 2 weeks.
Butalbital
Butalbital is an intermediate-acting barbiturate, DEA schedule III, used in combination analgesics such as Fioricet and Fiorinal with acetaminophen or aspirin and caffeine for tension-type headache; guidelines advise avoiding it for migraine.
Butenafine
Butenafine is a synthetic topical antifungal drug, the first and only benzylamine, used as a 1% cream for athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and tinea versicolor since 1996.
Buteyko method
Buteyko method, or Buteyko breathing technique (VEDB), a 1950s Soviet breathing retraining method by Konstantin Buteyko using nasal breathing and breath holds; trials show reduced reliever use and better quality of life in asthma, without lung function change.
Butoconazole
Butoconazole (butoconazole nitrate; Femstat, Gynazole-1) is an imidazole azole antifungal, first approved in 1985, used as 2% intravaginal cream, including a single-dose bioadhesive formulation, for vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Butriptyline
Butriptyline (Evadyne, Evadene, Evasidol) is a tricyclic antidepressant, the isobutyl homologue of amitriptyline, used in Europe from 1974; never FDA-approved and listed as banned in the US, with a plasma half-life of about 20 hours.
Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy
Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy (BPD), a rare autosomal dominant pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (OMIM 169150), features bilateral lipofuscin deposits in 3–5 butterfly-wing arms at the RPE, subnormal EOG, PRPH2 mutations such as Cys213Tyr, and good prognosis.
Buttock augmentation
Buttock augmentation (gluteal augmentation, gluteoplasty; Brazilian butt lift for fat grafting) is cosmetic surgery enlarging the buttocks with silicone implants or autologous fat transfer; implants show roughly 21-25% complication rates versus 10-13% for fat grafting, which carries fat embolism risk addressed by multi-society safety guidelines.
Buttocks
Buttocks: the posterior pelvic prominences formed mainly by the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscles. Key facts: gluteus maximus provides shape and hip extension; injections go in the upper outer quadrant; prominence is uniquely human.
Button fixation
Button fixation is a surgical technique in which a cortical button passed through a bone tunnel holds ligament or tendon grafts, used chiefly in ACL reconstruction.
Butylphthalide
Butylphthalide (丁苯酞, NBP, Enbipu) is a Chinese Class 1 neuroprotective drug for mild-to-moderate acute ischemic stroke, derived from celery seed compounds, approved in 2002, dosed 0.2 g three times daily for 20 days.
BVPS-123 trial
BVPS-123 (NCT01529489), a randomized double-blind trial at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil, compared interval elliptical training with combined aerobic/resisted training on VO2 and heart rate on-kinetics in moderate to very severe COPD over 6 weeks.
BW-20829 (DII235)
BW-20829 (DII235) is an investigational GalNAc siRNA from Argo Biopharma, licensed to Novartis, that silences hepatic Lp(a) production; first patient dosed January 2026 in the global Phase 2b trial NCT07235046.
BY1298
BY1298 (BY101298, AMO-959) is Chengdu Baiyu's oral DNA-PK (PRKDC) inhibitor for solid tumors; Phase I/II in China from 2023, licensed exclusively worldwide to Novartis in October 2024 for $70 million upfront plus up to $1.1 billion in milestones.
Bypass grafting
Bypass grafting is surgery that routes blood around a blocked artery using a grafted vessel, dominated by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), performed about 400,000 times annually in the United States.
C syndrome
C syndrome, or Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome (OMIM 211750), is a rare congenital malformation syndrome with trigonocephaly from metopic synostosis, intellectual disability, hypotonia, cardiac defects, and CD96 or IFT140 involvement.
C-CAR039 (CD19/CD20 CAR-T)
C-CAR039 (prizloncabtagene autoleucel, Prizlon-cel, JNJ-90014496) is an autologous bispecific CD19/CD20 CAR-T therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma, developed by AbelZeta (formerly CBMG), licensed to Janssen for $245 million in 2023, with 91.5% ORR in Phase 1 and rights returned to AbelZeta in 2026.
C-CAR066 (CD20 CAR-T)
C-CAR066, an autologous fully human anti-CD20 CAR-T therapy from AbelZeta Pharma (formerly CBMG), licensed to Janssen in 2023 for $245M upfront; phase 1 in post-CD19 CAR-T relapsed/refractory LBCL showed 92.9% ORR, 57.1% CR, no ICANS.
C-peptide
C-peptide (connecting peptide), a 31-amino-acid cleavage product of proinsulin, is secreted equimolar with insulin and serves as the standard biomarker of endogenous insulin secretion, used to classify diabetes, evaluate hypoglycemia and insulinoma, and as a trial surrogate endpoint.
C-R-HDMTX trial
C-R-HDMTX (NCT04516655) is a phase 2, single-arm Fudan University trial of chidamide, rituximab, and high-dose methotrexate for untreated primary CNS lymphoma, reporting 89% overall response and 78% complete response in ten enrolled patients.
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentraxin acute-phase protein made by hepatocytes, discovered in 1930 by Tillett and Francis; blood levels rise within 12–24 hours of inflammation and hsCRP above 3 mg/L marks cardiovascular inflammatory risk.
C-STRIDE study
C-STRIDE (Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease) is China's first national prospective CKD cohort: about 3,000 adults with stages 1-4 CKD at 39 centers, followed for renal, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes.
C. Everett Koop
C. Everett Koop (1916–2013), pioneering pediatric surgeon-in-chief at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and 13th U.S. Surgeon General (1981–1989) under Reagan, known for the 1986 AIDS report, the 107-million-household Understanding AIDS mailing, and anti-tobacco reports.
C. McCollister Evarts
C. McCollister Evarts is an American orthopedic surgeon credited with introducing total hip replacement surgery to the United States and elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1997.
C10orf53
C10orf53 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 53, HGNC:27421) is a human protein-coding gene at 10q11.23 encoding the uncharacterized 93-aa UPF0728 protein Q8N6V4; testis-enriched, spermatid expression, GWAS links to glaucoma and prostate carcinoma.
C9orf72
C9orf72, or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, is a human gene on chromosome 9 whose GGGGCC repeat expansion, identified in 2011, is the most common genetic cause of ALS.
CA19-9
CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, sialyl Lewis a) is a blood tumor marker for pancreatic, gallbladder, bile duct, and gastric cancers, used mainly to monitor treatment; cutoff <37 U/mL; unreliable in Lewis-negative people and jaundice.